商末周初空心砖制坯工艺与使用功能研究  

Clay Paste Making Techniques and Functional Utilization of Ceramic Hollow Bricks during the Shang-Zhou Transitional Period

作　　者：杨文昊 张淙洲 宋江宁[3] Yang Wenhao;Zhang Congzhou;Song Jiangning

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学历史文化与旅游学院 [2]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院 [3]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《考古与文物》2025年第3期76-84,共9页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“周原遗址凤雏城址区田野考古资料整理与研究”(编号:21&ZD240)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：商末周初时,空心砖的制坯工艺和使用功能一直都是学界尚未解决的难题。基于周原遗址凤雏六号至十号基址新出土的砖类建材,本文拟就该问题试做分析与探讨。研究表明,这一时期空心砖的制坯思路已基本与战国及两汉时期相类,但成型工艺仍不成熟,或可称作“条片拼接制坯法”;此外,它很可能被用作建筑护墙砖或台基包边砖,目的是为了保护大型夯土建筑的墙基或台基外壁免受雨水的侵蚀;最后,本文认为西周时期屋瓦或土坯的使用导致了以空心砖为代表的砖类建材的消亡,而前者很可能是“砖瓦不共存”现象出现的原因。The production techniques of clay paste for hollow bricks and their functional uses during the transitional period from the Shang to Zhou dynasties have long remained unresolved questions in scholarly research.Drawing on brick building materials unearthed from the Fengchu building foundations Nos.6-10at the Zhouyuan Site,this paper seeks to analyze and explore these questions.The study reveals that the conceptual approach to making hollow bricks during this period was fundamentally similar to that of the Warring States and Han dynasties.However,the forming technique remained underdeveloped and can be tentatively described as a‘strip-slice joining method’.Furthermore,these bricks were likely employed as protective wall bricks or platform edge bricks,serving to shield the bases or outer walls of large rammed earth structures from rain erosion.Finally,the study suggests that the adoption of roof tiles or mud bricks during the Western Zhou period led to the decline of brick building materials,including hollow bricks,and this shift may explain the phenomenon of‘bricks and tiles non-coexistence’.

关 键 词：商末周初 空心砖 制坯工艺 使用功能 周原遗址 

分 类 号：TU5[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]