一株高效脱氮功能菌的筛选鉴定及其对凡纳滨对虾生长、肠道菌群和水质的影响  

Screening and identification of a highly efficient denitrifying functional bacterium XYB4 and its effects on the growth and intestinal flora of Litopenaeus vannamei and water quality

作　　者：吴嘉琪 周佳宁 薛媛 王福瑞 朱淼 孙成波[1,2] WU Jiaqi;ZHOU Jianing;XUE Yuan;WANG Furui;ZHU Miao;SUN Chengbo(College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Economic Animals in Guangdong Province,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088 [2]广东省水产经济动物病原生物学及流行病学重点实验室,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2025年第1期86-94,共9页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2401703)。

摘　　要：为研究水产养殖系统中有效且经济的脱氧技术,本试验从对虾生物絮团养殖池分离出一株具有高效脱氮功能的菌株(命名为XYB4),分别从形态学观察、生理生化鉴定、分子生物学鉴定、安全性评估试验,以及不同理化因子作用下的脱氮效果等方面展开研究。结果表明:菌株XYB4为革兰氏阳性杆菌;生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定表明,菌株XYB4为枯草芽孢杆菌;安全性评估试验结果显示,菌株XYB4对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)无溶血效果、对14种药物敏感;菌株XYB4脱氮效果最优环境条件为盐度30,温度30℃,pH 7.5,C/N 10~15;将菌株XYB4拌料投喂(B7)和泼洒投喂(P7)凡纳滨对虾养殖试验结果表明,两组对养殖水体中NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(2)^(-)-N均有显著的降解效果(P<0.05),凡纳滨对虾体长和体质量增长率分别提高了16.32%、17.52%和40.18%、40.06%,3组成活率无显著性差异(P>0.05),水体和肠道菌群丰富度显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,施用菌株XYB4能高效降解水体中NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(2)^(-)-N,促进凡纳滨对虾生长,提高水体和肠道群落丰富度及抑制部分有害微生物种群,菌株XYB4在养殖生产中有较高的应用价值。To develop highly efficient and economic denitrifying technology for an aquaculutre system,the experiment isolated a highly efficient denitrifying bacterium from a biofloc in shrimp culture pond(named as XYB4)by morphological screening,physiological and biochemical identification,molecular biological assay,safety evaluation test,and denitrifying effect under the influence of different physical and chemical factors.The result shows that the XYB4 strain is a gram-positive bacillus.16S rDNA sequence result shows that it is Bacillus subtilis.The safety evaluation test shows that XYB4 is not lethal to Litopenaeus vannamei,without hemolysis,and is sensitive to 14 types of antibiotics.The best conditions for denitrification by the XYB4 strain are as follows:salinity 30,temperature 30℃,pH 7.5,and C/N 10-15.A mixture of XYB4 with feed(B7),splashed into an aquaculture pond(P7),significantly reduced the concentrations of NO_(2)^(-) and NH_(4)^(+)-N in the cultured water(P<0.05),and significantly increased the growth rate and specific growth rate of L.vannamei by 16.32%,17.52%,and 40.18%.and 40.06%,respectively.There was no significant difference in survival rate among the three groups(P>0.05).The richness of the L.vannamei intestinal flora and the water flora is significantly increased in the experimental group(P<0.05).The addition of the XYB4 strain inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria,such as Photobacterium and Tenacibaculum,and promoted the growth of beneficial nitrifying bacteria,such as Nitrospirae.In conclusion,the application of XYB4 can effectively reduce the concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(2)^(-) in aquaculture water,promote the growth of L.vannamei,improve the richness of the microflora communities in the water and L.vannamei intestines,and inhibit the growth of some harmful microbial populations.The XYB4 has a high application value in aquaculture production.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 枯草芽孢杆菌 脱氮功能菌 氨氮 亚硝酸盐氮 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]