机构地区:[1]农业农村部淡水水产生物技术与遗传育种重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306
出 处:《大连海洋大学学报》2025年第1期146-155,共10页Journal of Dalian Ocean University
基 金:国家水产种质资源平台(FGRC18537);中央级科研院所基本业务费(2023TD22)。
摘 要:为探究长江与黑龙江流域长春鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)的种质资源差异,开发黑龙江长春鳊种质资源,对长江流域(WB)和黑龙江流域(FB)长春鳊养殖群体的外部形态特征、肌肉营养成分及遗传结构进行分析。结果表明:WB群体与FB群体的全长(TL)、体高(BH)、头长(HL)、吻长(WL)、眼径(EB)、眼间距(EC)、尾柄高(FH)和体长(SL)的比值均有显著性差异(P<0.05),表明长江群体与黑龙江群体体型差异较大,可作为长春鳊杂交育种的材料;肌肉营养成分分析结果显示,WB群体粗脂肪含量(0.63 g/100 g)显著低于FB群体(1.57 g/100 g)(P<0.05),而粗蛋白质含量二者间无显著性差异(P>0.05);WB群体的总氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量均显著高于FB群体(P<0.05),而饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸均显著低于FB群体(P<0.05);基于全基因组的SNP标记分析群体遗传结构,WB和FB群体的多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.1007和0.1004,群体处于低度遗传多样性水平(PIC<0.25);群体间遗传分化系数(F st)为0.0305,基因流(N m)为7.9428,表明群体间存在着广泛的基因交换。本研究为长春鳊的开发、繁殖和持续利用提供了有益参考。To explore the difference in germplasm characteristics of Parabramis pekinensis in Yangtze River from that in Heilongjiang River,and improve the germplasm resources of this species in the Heilongjiang River,the external morphological characteristics,muscle nutrient compositions,and genetic structures of cultured stocks of P.pekinensis in the Yangtze River(WB)and the Heilongjiang River(FB)were analyzed.An analysis of the morphological data shows significant differences(P<0.05)between the WB and FB populations in the ratios of total length(TL),body height(BH),head length(HL),snout length(WL),eye diameter(ED),eye cross(EC),and caudal peduncle height(FH)compared with the standard length(SL).The body shape of fish species from Changjiang River is considerable different to that from Heilongjiang River and fish stocks from Changjiang River may be used as the hybrid breeding stocks of P.pekinensis.Muscle nutrient composition analysis shows that the crude lipid content(0.63 g/100 g)of the WB stock is significantly lower than that of the FB stock(1.57 g/100 g)(P<0.05),and that the difference in crude protein contents is not significant(P>0.05).The total amino acid,semi-essential amino acid,non-essential amino acid,and flavor-amino acid contents of the WB stock are significantly higher than those of the FB stock(P<0.05).But the saturated fatty acid,monounsaturated fatty acid,and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents of the WB stock are significantly lower than those of the FB stock(P<0.05).Analysis of the genetic structure based on genome wide SNP markers reveals that the polymorphic information contents(PIC)of the WB and FB stocks are 0.1007 and 0.1004,respectively,indicating low levels of genetic diversity(PIC<0.25).The genetic differentiation coefficient(F st)between the stocks is 0.0305,and the gene flow(N m)iss 7.9428,suggesting extensive gene exchange between the two stocks.This study provides a favorable reference for the development,breeding,and sustainable utilization of P.pekinensis.
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