循环水养殖系统中固体废物输运性能的研究进展  

Research progress and prospect of solid waste transport performance in recirculating aquaculture system:a review

作　　者：赵晨旭 吴罡 孙伟 胡伟[3] 任效忠[2,4] 张俊 王仙[1,2] ZHAO Chenxu;WU Gang;SUN Wei;HU Wei;REN Xiaozhong;ZHANG Jun;WANG Xian(College of Ocean and Civil Engineering,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture(Dalian Ocean University)Ministry of Education,Dalian 116023,China;Campus Planning and Construction Office,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;College of Engineering Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋与土木工程学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]设施渔业教育部重点实验室(大连海洋大学),辽宁大连116023 [3]大连海洋大学校园规划建设办公室,辽宁大连116023 [4]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [5]上海海洋大学工程学院,上海201306

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2025年第1期174-184,共11页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31872609);财政部和农业农村部:现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-49);大连市支持高层次人才创新创业项目(2019RD12);辽宁省教育厅科研项目(LJKZZ20220091,JYTMS20230494)。

摘　　要：工厂化循环水养殖模式因其高密度养殖能力、资源节约性及环境可持续性,被广泛认为将成为主导未来水产养殖趋势的重要模式之一。然而循环水养殖系统(recirculating aquaculture system,RAS)中的固体废物积累会危及养殖生物的安全,对系统的正常运行和生产活动造成不利影响,RAS中固体废物的有效管理和去除是系统稳定运行的关键。本研究综述了RAS系统中固体废物的分类、成因及其对养殖效率的潜在影响,并探讨了一系列提升废物输运性能的策略,如通过养殖池池型设计优化、进水与排水结构改进、池底坡度调整,以及饵料品质提升,可显著提高固体废物的去除效率,保障系统的稳定与高效运行。针对循环水养殖系统中固体废物输运性能研究中存在的问题,提出未来应从鱼类运动对颗粒输运的影响、饲养投喂对固体颗粒输运的影响、设施大型化对颗粒输运的影响和加快养殖设施技术创新等方面重点开展研究,以期为实现循环水养殖系统的高效率和稳定性提供科学参考。Recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)are widely acknowledged as pivotal in developing future improved aquaculture practices because of their ability to rear a large number of aquatic organisms in a small space,conserve resources,and maintain environmental sustainability.Nevertheless,the buildup of solid waste in RAS presents a danger to the health of aquaculture species and has detrimental impacts on the functioning and productivity of a system.Efficient management and disposal of solid waste in RAS is crucial for maintaining optimum system operation.This study examines the categorization,origins,and potential consequences of solid waste in the RAS,and also explores methods to enhance waste transportation efficiency.Significant improvements in solid waste removal efficiency can be achieved by optimizing the design of aquaculture tanks,upgrading intake and drainage structures,modifying tank bottom gradients,utilizing diversion devices,and enhancing feed quality.These improvements will guarantee the consistent and effective functioning of a RAS.

关 键 词：循环水养殖系统 固体废物管理 废物去除 水动力学 

分 类 号：S955[农业科学—水产养殖]