基于建筑负荷聚合的虚拟电厂模式构建与运行探索  

Construction and operation exploration of virtual power plant mode based on building load aggregation

作　　者：康靖 李雨桐 陈泉 麦达然 郝斌 李叶茂 KANG Jing;LI Yutong;CHEN Quan;MAI Daran;HAO Bin;LI Yemao(Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518049,China;Shenzhen University.Shenzhen 518060,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市建筑科学研究院股份有限公司,广东深圳518049 [2]深圳大学,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《供用电》2025年第4期59-68,共10页Distribution & Utilization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3802500)。

摘　　要：虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)是一种将分布式发电、储能系统、可控负荷等分布式能源进行聚合,通过协调优化运行将其作为一个特殊电厂参与电力市场和电网运行的电力管理模式。随着可再生能源发电占比持续增加,新型电力系统对用户侧的电力柔性调节能力提出了要求,而虚拟电厂模式可以有效聚合用户侧的调节能力参与公共电网需求响应。介绍了一种基于建筑负荷聚合的虚拟电厂模式,这种聚合模式考虑到了典型公共建筑用能特点,并通过空调+建筑储能结合的方式实现需求响应。从流程来看,虚拟电厂建筑聚合需要具备以下功能:①响应能力估算;②计划拆解与下达;③响应过程监测;④效果评价功能。构建了具备以上功能的虚拟电厂建筑聚合平台,平台聚合了3栋典型办公建筑,通过平台需求响应验证这种聚合模式实际运行效果并评估响应能力。结果表明,通过以上聚合,3栋建筑可提供总量52.9 kW的响应能力,响应精度为12%。从建筑响应方式上看,空调可通过调节冷冻水温度将功率下调26.5%,而建筑电池储能通过直接设定放电功率实现电力响应。该虚拟电厂建筑聚合模式不仅能实现虚拟电厂运行管理基本功能,同时还能通过效果评价直观判断不同用户响应的特征,从而指导后续用户响应的预测做偏差修正。Virtual power plant(VPP)is a power management mode which aggregates distributed energy such as distributed generation,energy storage system,and controllable load,and participates in the power market as a special power plant through coordinated optimization operation.As the increasing of renewable energy application,new power systems have put forward requirements of the flexible regulation capability for end users,and the VPP mode is able to effectively aggregate end users with load flexibility and participate in demand response of the utility grid.This article introduces a building load aggregation mode for VPP application.This aggregation mode considers energy consumption characteristics of civil buildings and achieves demand response by using air conditioning or building energy storage.The building aggregation for VPP needs to have functions as:1)response capacity estimation;2)response plan dispose;3)process monitoring;and 4)effect assessment.This study constructs a building aggregation platform for VPP with above functions.This platform aggregates 3 typical office buildings.The operation effects of this aggregation mode is verified and the response capability is evaluated by a demand response test.The results show that three buildings can provide a total response capacity of 52.9kW,with a response accuracy of 12%through aggregation.In terms of demand response,air conditioning reduces power by 26.5%by adjusting the chilled water temperature,while building battery energy storage achieves power response by directly discharge power control.This building aggregation mode can meet the basic management and operation functions of VPP.The effect assessment presents the response characteristics of different buildings intuitively and guides the deviation correction for subsequent response prediction.

关 键 词：虚拟电厂 建筑聚合模式 需求响应 响应流程 效果评价 

分 类 号：TM72[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]