利用回交循环选系改良旅大红骨自交系机收性状的研究  

Improving Mechanical Harvesting Traits of the Lvda Red Cob(LRC)Inbred Line Using Backcross-Cycle Selection

作　　者：鲁俊田[1] 曲江波[1] 刘中杰[1] 郭奇 陈增齐[1] 王秀凤[1] 于兵[1] 丰光[1] 姚永祥[1] LU Jun-tian;QU Jiang-bo;LIU Zhong-jie;GUO Qi;CHEN Zheng-qi;WANG Xiu-feng;YU Bing;FENG Guang;YAO Yong-xiang(Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Maize Breeding in Liaoning Province,Fengcheng 118109,China)

机构地区：[1]丹东农业科学院/辽宁省玉米育种重点实验室,辽宁凤城118109

出　　处：《玉米科学》2025年第3期19-25,32,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：玉米自交系全基因组选择育种技术评估(2023JH1/10200009-03-3)。

摘　　要：针对旅大红骨种质配合力高、部分性状不适宜机械化收获的缺点,以旅大红骨优良自交系丹黄34(DH34)为受体,以与旅大红骨遗传背景远且具有性状互补的优良NSS自交系为供体,根据回交循环育种原理,构建基础选系群体,经过系谱选择,创制筛选出11份优良自交系。通过对农艺性状、产量及穗部性状、宜机收相关性状等14个指标进行表型性状差异分析,利用优良SS自交系作为测验种,测定回交改良后代的一般配合力和特殊配合力,并对其杂交组合F1的子粒自然脱水速率进行配合力分析。结果表明,改良系DH-5、DH-7和DH-9综合性状表现优异,表现出显著或极显著差异,且宜机收关键性状子粒破损率、子粒含水量、倒伏率呈极显著减小,在获取较高子粒产量的同时可进行机械化收获。通过研究表明,回交循环选系方法可以实现玉米种质机收性状的改良。The Lvda Red Cob(LRC)inbred line exhibits high combining ability,but some traits are unsuitable for mechanized harvesting.According to the circular breeding strategy,the LRC inbred line Danhuang 34(DH34)was used as the recipient,and Non-Stiff Stalk(NSS)inbred lines with complementary traits and distant genetic back⁃grounds were selected as donors.Based on the backcross-cycle breeding strategy,a basic selection population was constructed,and 11 elite inbred lines were developed through pedigree selection.Phenotypic differences in 14 traits were analyzed,including agronomic traits,yield,panicle traits,and traits related to mechanical harvesting,and us⁃ing excellent pioneer maternal inbred lines as test species,the GCA and SCA of backcrossed improved offspring were determined,and the natural seed dehydration rate of their hybrid combination F1 was analyzed for combining ability.The results showed that DH-5,DH-7,and DH-9 exhibited excellent comprehensive traits,with significant or extremely significant differences.Key mechanical harvesting traits such as grain damage rate,grain moisture con⁃tent,and lodging rate were significantly reduced,while also having high grain yield.This study indicates that the backcross cycle selection method can improve the mechanical harvesting traits of maize germplasm.

关 键 词：玉米 旅大红骨 回交选育 种质改良 机收性状 配合力 

分 类 号：S513.035[农业科学—作物学]