玉米单倍体诱导的分子机制解析及其应用研究进展  

Molecular Mechanism Analysis and Application Research Progress of Maize Haploid Induction

作　　者：郭华 鹿红卫 王帮太 王志红 苏玉杰 张晓春 秦贵文 GUO Hua;LU Hong-wei;WANG Bang-tai;WANG Zhi-hong;SU Yu-jie;ZHANG Xiao-chun;QIN Gui-wen(Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hebi 458031,China)

机构地区：[1]鹤壁市农业科学院,河南鹤壁458031

出　　处：《玉米科学》2025年第3期33-39,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划项目“基于QTL-seq的玉米穗行数QTL定位与分析”(222102110475)。

摘　　要：单倍体诱导(HI)及双单倍体(DH)技术为加快玉米自交系的选育起到了重要作用。DH育种是改良作物和整合新基因以选育出满足不同育种需求的有效方法,已逐步实现规模化生产。自1959年Coe发现玉米单倍体诱导自然突变体以来,单倍体诱导率(HIR)已从最初的2%~3%逐渐上升至10%以上。针对单倍体诱导基因克隆及诱导机制开展大量研究,先后发现多个QTL诱导位点,克隆4个重要的单倍体诱导基因,并在诱导机制方面取得较大突破,但许多关于HI的谜团仍然存在,依然制约着HI技术在作物育种中的应用。The haploid induction technique(HI)and double haploid technique(DH)have played a crucial role in accelerating the breeding of maize inbred lines.DH breeding is an effective method for crop improvement and the integration of new genes to meet various breeding requirements.It has gradually achieved large-scale and industrial⁃ized production.Since Coe identified a spontaneous mutant(named Stock6)able to induce about 2%-3%haploid em⁃bryos in maize in 1959,the induction rate has gradually increased from the initial 2%-3%to over 10%.Although ex⁃tensive research has been conducted on the cloning and induction mechanism of HI genes,multiple QTL induction sites have been identified,four important HI genes have been cloned,and significant breakthroughs have been made in the induction mechanism.However,many mysteries about HI still exist,which restrict its application in maize and other important crop breeding.

关 键 词：玉米 单倍体诱导 双单倍体 基因克隆 诱导机制 

分 类 号：S513.035.3[农业科学—作物学]