种植密度对不同玉米品种茎秆力学特性及抗倒伏能力的影响  

Effects of Planting Density on Stem Mechanical Properties and Lodging Resistance of Different Maize Varieties

作　　者：张盼 卢道文[1] 孙海潮[1] 董文恒[1] 李永江[1] 张莹莹[1] 史丽丽 牛永锋[1] ZHANG Pan;LU Dao-wen;SUN Hai-chao;DONG Wen-heng;LI Yong-jiang;ZHANG Ying-ying;SHI Li-li;NIU Yong-feng(Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]安阳市农业科学院,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2025年第3期51-57,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：安阳市重点研发与推广专项(2023C01NY032)。

摘　　要：以安玉706、郑单958等7个品种为材料,设置6.75万(T_(1))、7.5万(T_(2))、8.25万(T_(3))、9万株/hm^(2)(T_(4))4个种植密度,对抽雄散粉期和生理成熟期的玉米茎秆力学特性和倒伏倒折率进行测定,并对两者之间的关系进行探讨。结果表明,种植密度由T_(1)增加至T_(4)时,倒伏率由12.6%增至33.9%,倒折率由1.4%增至5.2%。在T_(4)密度时,郑单958倒伏率为52.2%,倒折率11.3%;安玉107分别为11.8%和2.6%。随着种植密度的增加,参试品种茎秆抗弯折力、穿刺强度和压碎强度呈降低趋势,密度每增加0.75万株/hm^(2),分别降低1.7、2.9和8.2 N。相关分析表明,成熟期抗弯折力、抽雄散粉期和成熟期茎秆第3节穿刺强度与倒伏率呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.99。综合考虑密度、茎秆性状、抗倒性,安玉107、安玉706为耐密、抗倒型品种,适宜种植的最高密度为8.25万株/hm^(2)。Seven varieties,including Anyu706,Zhengdan958,were used as experimental materials.The stem mechanical properties in tasseling and mature stages were measured under four planting densities of 6.75×10^(4)(T_(1)),7.5×10^(4)(T_(2)),8.25×10^(4)(T_(3)),9.0×10^(4)(T_(4))plants/ha.The results showed that with planting density increasing from T_(1) to T_(4),the lodging rates increased from 12.6%to 33.9%,and folding rates increased from 1.4%to 5.2%.The lodging and folding rates of Zhengdan958 reached 52.2%and 11.3%under T_(4) density,while those of Anyu107 were only 11.8%and 2.6%.The bending strength,puncture strength,and crushing strength of tested varieties decreased with the increase of planting density.The bending strength,puncture strength,and crushing strength decreased by 1.7 N,2.9 N,and 8.2 N,respectively with the density increasing by 0.75×10^(4) plants/ha.Correlation analysis showed that the bending strength at the mature stage and the third stem puncture strength at both the tasseling and mature stages were negatively correlated with the lodging rate,with a correlation coefficient r=-0.99.Considering planting density,stem traits,and lodging resistance,Anyu107 and Anyu706 were identified as high-density tolerant and lodging re⁃sistant varieties,with an optimal planting density of 8.25×10^(4) plants/ha.

关 键 词：玉米 密度 茎秆力学特性 抗倒性 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]