不同播期对鲜食玉米花粒期光合特性和碳氮代谢的影响  

Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Fresh Maize from Flowering to Maturity

作　　者：安林 韦海龙 程乙 邹军 左晋 刘代铃 宋碧[1,5] AN Lin;WEI Hai-long;CHENG Yi;ZOU Jun;ZUO Jin;LIU Dai-ling;SONG Bi(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025;Key Lab of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025;Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025;Institute of Mountain Environment and Climatology of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025;Key Lab of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省粮油作物分子育种重点实验室,贵阳550025 [3]贵州省农业农村厅,贵阳550025 [4]贵州省山地环境与气候研究所,贵阳550025 [5]贵州省高等学校功能农业重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《玉米科学》2025年第3期68-78,共11页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300307);国家自然科学基金项目(32260533);贵州省高等学校功能农业重点实验室(黔教基[2023]007);贵州省玉米现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(GZCYTX2023-01)。

摘　　要：以万糯2000(A1)、农科糯336(A2)和彩甜糯6号(A3)为试验材料,于2021-2022年在贵阳清镇设置B1(3月10日)、B2(3月20日)、B3(3月30日)、B4(4月9日)、B5(4月19日)、B6(4月29日)共6个播期,测定鲜食玉米吐丝期光合特性、灌浆期碳氮代谢物质和产量。结果表明,播期和品种显著影响吐丝期叶片光合指标,适当推迟播期有利于改善叶片光合特性。晚播不利于淀粉的积累,但有利于可溶性糖和蛋白质含量的增加。鲜食玉米产量两年分别为B1、B2播期显著最低,且均为A2品种显著最低。灰色关联度分析表明,叶绿素相对含量和可溶性糖分别是影响产量的关键光合指标和碳氮代谢物质。综上,在黔中地区推迟到4月中上旬播种并搭配适宜品种,将有利于改善鲜食玉米光合特性,协调碳氮代谢平衡,并促进产量的提升。From2021 to 2022,a total of six sowing dates,B1(3/10),B2(3/20),B3(3/30),B4(4/9),B5(4/19)and B6(4/29),were set up in Qingzhen,Guiyang,using Wan Nuo 2000(A1),Nongke Nuo 336(A2),and Caitian Nuo 6(A3)as the experimental materials,to measure the photosynthetic characteristics of the fresh maize at silking stage,the carbon and nitrogen metabolites at grain filling stage,and the yield.The results showed that the sowing date and variety significantly affected the photosynthetic indexes of leaves,and delayed sowing was conducive to the improve⁃ment of photosynthetic characteristics.Late sowing is not conducive to the accumulation of starch,but is favorable to the increase of soluble sugar and protein content.Over two years,yields were significantly lowest for B1 and B2 sow⁃ing dates,and the A2 variety consistently showed the lowest yield.Gray correlation analysis showed that relative chlorophyll content and soluble sugar were the key photosynthetic indexes and carbon and nitrogen metabolite affect⁃ing yield,respectively.In conclusion,delayed sowing in mid-early April in Qianzhong area and matching suitable varieties is conducive to improving the photosynthetic characteristics of fresh maize,coordinating the balance of car⁃bon and nitrogen metabolites,and promoting the enhancement of yield.

关 键 词：鲜食玉米 播期 光合特性 碳氮代谢 产量 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]