树舌灵芝三萜和杂萜化合物及其药理作用研究进展  

Research progress of the pharmacological effects of triterpenoids and meroterpenoids from Ganoderma applanatum

作　　者：邹录惠 邱平 张寒翠 熊桂玉 谢集照[2] ZOU Luhui;QIU Ping;ZHANG Hancui;XIONG Guiyu;XIE Jizhao(Guangxi Weiwei Pharmacy Co.Ltd,Nanning 530031,Guangxi,China;Pharmaceutical College,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西维威制药有限公司,广西南宁530031 [2]广西医科大学药学院 广西生物活性分子研究与评价重点实验室,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《菌物学报》2025年第3期9-28,共20页Mycosystema

基　　金：广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFAA026286);国家自然科学基金(81560627)。

摘　　要：树舌灵芝Ganoderma applanatum是我国重要的药用真菌之一,在我国及东亚地区均有广泛的药用历史和临床应用。长期以来以羊毛甾烷型三萜为基本骨架的四环三萜类化合物被认为是树舌灵芝真菌主要的次级代谢产物和功能成分。树舌灵芝三萜化合物种类繁多,其中7,8-环氧-9(11)-烯-12-酮-灵芝三萜是树舌灵芝区别于灵芝属其他真菌的特征性次生代谢产物之一。近年来,随着各种类型杂萜不断被发现,表明杂萜是树舌灵芝中另一大类重要的次级代谢产物。它们的结构新颖多样,主要类型为含10个碳原子长链的杂萜、含内酯基团的杂萜、含5/6/7元碳环的杂萜、含桥环的杂萜、含氮原子杂萜及二聚体杂萜。不同的结构特征决定了树舌灵芝化合物的药理活性也多种多样。这些化合物具有护肝、促进血管生成、保护神经系统、抑制脂肪细胞分化、抗炎、抑菌等药理活性。本文整理了文献报道的树舌灵芝中天然来源的98个灵芝三萜化合物和67个杂萜化合物的结构及药理活性,旨在为树舌灵芝的深入研究和开发利用提供参考。Ganoderma applanatum is one of the important medicinal fungi found in China,with a long history of medicinal and clinical application in China and East Asia.Ganoderma triterpenes are tetracyclic derivatives of lanostane,and they have been considered to be the main secondary metabolites and functional components of G.applanatum.Ganoderma triterpenoids have various chemical structures,and 7,8-epoxy-9(11)-ene-12-oxo-ganoderma triterpenoid is one of the characteristic secondary metabolites that distinguish G.applanatum from other species in this genus.With the recent continued discovery of various types of meroterpenoids,it has been shown that these compounds are another important kind of secondary metabolites in G.applanatum.They possess novel and diverse structures,including 10-carbon-chain,lactone-containing,pentacyclic/hexacyclic/heptacyclic,bridged,nitrogen-containing and dimeric meroterpenoids.Their different structural features determine the diverse pharmacological activities of G.applanatum.In addition,these compounds have been reported to have liver-protecting,angiogenesis-promoting,neuroprotective,anti-adipogenic,anti-inflammatory y as well as antibacterial pharmacological activities.This article summarizes the structures and pharmacological activities of 98 naturally occurring triterpenoids and 67 meroterpenoids reported in the literature,aiming at providing a reference for further studies and development of G.applanatum.

关 键 词：树舌灵芝 三萜 杂萜 药理活性 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]