野生巨大侧耳生物学特性及驯化栽培  

Biological characteristics and domestication of wild Pleurotus giganteus

作　　者：李曼玲 朱安红 马国营 屈直[2] 卢雪花 马海霞[2,4,5] 刘振东 LI Manling;ZHU Anhong;MA Guoying;QU Zhi;LU Xuehua;MA Haixia;LIU Zhendong(School of Food Science,Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,China;Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources,Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China;School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Haikou Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources,Hainan 571101,China;Chongzuo Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Guangxi 532100,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院食品科学学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所海南省热带微生物资源重点实验室,海口571101 [3]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083 [4]海南热带农业资源研究院海口市食药用菌种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,海南海口571101 [5]崇左市食药用菌种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,广西崇左532100

出　　处：《菌物学报》2025年第3期62-75,共14页Mycosystema

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划-海南国家公园研究院资助项目(ZDYF2023RDYL01,KY-24ZK02);五指山市生态科技特派员项目(WZSKTPXM202211);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630052022003)。

摘　　要：本文采用形态学观察和ITS序列分析对采自安徽齐云山的一株野生侧耳菌株AH150进行分离鉴定,鉴定结果为巨大侧耳Pleurotus giganteus。采用单因素和正交试验筛选该菌株菌丝最适生长的碳源、氮源、温度及pH,在此基础上进行驯化栽培。结果表明:菌丝生长的最适碳源为果糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨,最适温度为30℃,最适pH为8,其在最适条件下表现为相对生长速率快、菌丝粗壮浓密等特征。驯化出菇试验中,出菇栽培的基质为杂木屑52%、玉米芯25%、麦麸20%、石灰2%和石膏1%,40–45d黑暗培养菌包长满菌丝,覆土后空气湿度保持在80%以上,第11天出现原基,后加大空气湿度至85%–90%,4–5d长出子实体。研究结果将为菌株AH150的开发利用提供重要参考。A wild strain AH150 of Pleurotus collected from Qiyun Mountain of Anhui Province was isolated and identified as Pleurotus giganteus based on morphological observation and ITS sequence analyses.The suitable carbon source,nitrogen source,temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were screened by single factor and orthogonal test.The results showed that the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source were fructose and peptone respectively.Under the optimum temperature of 30°C and optimum pH of 8,the relative growth rate was the fastest and the mycelium was most robust and dense.The substrate for domesticated cultivation was sawdust 52%,corn cob 25%,wheat bran 20%,lime 2%and gypsum 1%.After spawning and covering soil,the air humidity was kept at more than 80%.The primordium appeared on the 11th day.Under humidification of 85%-90%,the fruiting body appeared in 4-5 d.This research provides a reference for extended development and utilization of P.giganteus AH150.

关 键 词：巨大侧耳 食药用真菌资源 生物学特性 驯化栽培 

分 类 号：S64[农业科学—蔬菜学]