发展性阅读障碍儿童听处理特征研究新进展  

Progress of auditory processing in children with developmental dyslexia

作　　者：李婷钰 吕锦霞 池霞[1] 洪琴[1,3] LI Tingyu;LYU Jinxia;CHI Xia;HONG Qin(Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University(Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital),Nanjing,Jiangsu 210004,China;School of Pediatrics,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211166,China;Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学附属妇产医院(南京市妇保健院)儿童保健科,江苏南京210004 [2]南京医科大学儿科学院,江苏南京211166 [3]南京市发育行为医学重点实验室

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2025年第3期298-302,共5页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：江苏省妇幼保健协会(FYX202340);南京市卫生科技发展项目(YKK23152);南京医科大学科技发展基金一般项目(NMUB20220102)。

摘　　要：发展性阅读障碍是一种常见的学习障碍类型,通常表现为阅读速度过慢,单词识别与拼写困难,且这种神经性发育障碍不能用感觉或神经系统损伤、缺乏教育机会和学习动机或智力低下来解释。研究显示,这类患儿常存在听处理缺陷,但可能会被良好的外周听力掩盖,往往得不到足够重视。本文从神经解剖结构、行为学、电生理、内在神经机制、基因表型等多方面总结、探讨发展性阅读障碍儿童的听处理特征,为这类儿童的早期识别和康复干预提供科学依据。Developmental dyslexia is a common type of learning disability characterized by slow reading speed,difficulties in word recognition and spelling.This neurodevelopmental disorder cannot be explained by sensory or neurological impairment,lack of educational opportunities and learning motivation,or lower intelligence.Studies have shown that children with this condition often have auditory processing defects,which may be masked by good peripheral hearing and therefore often overlooked.This article summarizes and discusses the auditory processing characteristics of children with developmental dyslexia from multiple aspects,including neuroanatomical structures,behavioral studies,electrophysiology,intrinsic neural mechanisms,and genetic phenotypes,so as to provide scientific basis for early identification and rehabilitation intervention.

关 键 词：发展性阅读障碍 特定学习障碍 听处理 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]