水电站水淹厂房事故动态过程数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of dynamic process of flooding accident in hydropower station

作　　者：江婷 张妍[1] 刘跃飞 JIANG Ting;ZHANG Yan;LIU Yuefei(China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute,Beijing 100120,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jinling Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211169,China)

机构地区：[1]水电水利规划设计总院,北京100120 [2]金陵科技学院机电工程学院,江苏南京211169

出　　处：《武汉大学学报(工学版)》2025年第3期362-370,共9页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2022YFC3005403);西藏自治区科技重大专项课题(编号:XZ202201ZD0003G)。

摘　　要：构建含主副厂房、主变洞、通风兼安全洞、进厂交通洞、3层排水廊道等主要洞室的地下厂房三维模型,采用体积函数(volume of fluid,VOF)法对水电站水淹厂房过程进行计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)模拟,分析蜗壳进人孔破裂涌水和水轮机顶盖破裂涌水这2种极端场景下的破裂口涌水流量、厂房内流场特性随时间演变的过程。为探讨涌水流量数值计算结果的合理性,引入孔口出流公式进行对比验证。数值模拟结果表明:1)蜗壳进人孔破裂涌水场景中,水流顺着楼梯井跌落至底层廊道层后水位逐层上涨,厂房高程越低处越危险,相关人员应快速向上逃生;2)水轮机顶盖破裂涌水场景中,水流充满最右侧水车室后喷涌而出,直射至厂房最左侧,厂房两侧区域较危险,相关人员应快速往厂房中部区域聚集然后向上逃生;3)底层廊道层、水轮机层、部分楼梯井在事故初期均会出现流速超4 m/s的高速水流区,人员在无法避免涉水逃生时,应避开此部分危险区域,尽快向上逃生。鉴于各水电站地下厂房洞室群组成和尺寸基本相似,研究对于类似工程具有重要的借鉴意义。This study constructs a three-dimensional model of underground powerhouse including main and auxiliary power plants,main transformer tunnel,ventilation and safety tunnel,access tunnel,three-storey drainage corridors and other major caverns.Using volume of fluid(VOF)model,the flooding process of powerhouse of hydropower station is simulated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD),and the evolution process of the water gushing flow rate at the break and the flow field characteristics in the plant under two extreme scenarios of water inrush from a ruptured volute manhole and water inrush from a ruptured turbine head over time is analyzed.To discuss the reasonableness of the numerical simulation results of water inflow rates,the orifice outflow formula is introduced for comparison and verification.The numerical simulation results indicate that:1)In the scenario of volute manhole rupture water inrush,water flow falls down the stairwell to the bottom gallery floor and then rises layer by layer,the lower the elevation in the plant,the more dangerous,so the relevant personnel should promptly evacuate upward;2)In the scenario of water gushing from turbine top cover rupture,water fills the rightmost turbine chamber and then spurts out,directly to the left side of the powerhouse,the area on both sides of the powerhouse is more dangerous,so relevant personnel should quickly gather in the central area of the powerhouse and then escape upward;3)In the early stage of the accident,highvelocity water flow zones with a flow rate exceeding 4 m/s will appear in the bottom gallery floor,turbine floor,and some stairwells,if the personnel cannot avoid wading to escape,they should steer clear of these dangerous zones and escape upward as soon as possible.Given the similar composition and dimensions of the underground powerhouse caverns in all hydropower stations,this study has important reference significance for similar projects.

关 键 词：地下厂房 水淹厂房 VOF 涌水流量 流态特征 

分 类 号：TV743[水利工程—水利水电工程]