海南岛近岸海域主要污染因子时空特征分析及富营养化评价  

Spatial-temporal characterization of main pollution factors and eutrophication evaluation in the coastal areas around Hainan Island

作　　者：李格乐 王兴华 赵茜 王蒙 王辉 殷安齐 LI Gele;WANG Xinghua;ZHAO Qian;WANG Meng;WANG Hui;YIN Anqi(Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources of Ministry of Education,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya 572022,China;Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya 572022,China;Modern Marine Ranching Engineering Research Center of Hainan,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya 572022,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya 572022,China;Sanya Sci-Tech Academy for Crop Winter Multiplication,Sanya 572000,China)

机构地区：[1]海南热带海洋学院热带海洋生物资源利用与保护教育部重点实验室,海南三亚572022 [2]海南热带海洋学院海南省热带海洋渔业资源保护与利用重点实验室,海南三亚572022 [3]海南热带海洋学院海南省现代化海洋牧场工程研究中心,海南三亚572022 [4]海南热带海洋学院生态环境学院,海南三亚572022 [5]三亚市南繁科学技术研究院,海南三亚572000

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报(中英文)》2025年第1期156-162,共7页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：2020年海南省普通高等学校研究生创新科研课题(Hys2020-395);海南热带海洋学院教育教学改革研究项目(RHYjg2020-07,RHYjg2021-31);海南热带海洋学院硕士研究生创新项目(RHDYC-202123)。

摘　　要：基于2020年海南省近岸海域海水水质监测信息,应用主成分分析法辨识主导水质变化的污染因子,分析其时空分布特征;并应用氮磷比值法和富营养化指数法评价海南岛近岸海域营养盐结构及富营养化水平。结果表明,2020年海南岛近岸海域主要污染因子是无机氮和活性磷酸盐,均为平水期浓度最高,主要为陆源输入;北部近岸海域的无机氮和活性磷酸盐浓度总体高于南部,其中海口湾及其附近海域和新英湾尤为突出,主要受人类活动及湾内水动力影响;但南部的万宁小海出现无机氮和活性磷酸盐浓度峰值,主要受水产养殖及海域内水动力影响;海南岛近岸海域是氮限制的潜在性富营养化海域,整体富营养化水平较低,局部海域富营养化严重,万宁小海尤为突出。Based on the monitored information of seawater quality in the coastal areas of Hainan Province in 2020 and using principal components analysis,we identified the pollution factors dominating the change of seawater quality,characterized spatial-temporal distribution using N/P ratio and eutrophication index methods,and evaluated the nutrient structure and eutrophication level in the coastal areas around Hainan Island.The results showed that dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphorus are the main pollution factors in the coastal areas around Hainan Island in 2020,both are the highest in concentration in the normal water period.The pollution was mainly due to the terrestrial inputs.The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphorus in northern coastal areas were generally higher than those in southern coastal areas,especially in Haikou Bay and its adjacent sea areas,and Xinying Bay,where the pollution was mainly due to human activities and hydrodynamic forces.The highest concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphorus appeared in Xiaohai of Wanning in the southern area where the pollution was mainly due to aquaculture activities and hydrodynamic forces.The coastal areas around Hainan Island is considered to be a potential eutrophic area with nitrogen limited,and the eutrophication level in the coastal areas around Hainan Island was generally low,only serious in regional areas,especially in Xiaohai of Wanning.

关 键 词：海南岛 无机氮 活性磷酸盐 营养盐结构 富营养化 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]