长三角城市群典型区土壤重金属时空变异及源解析  

Spatiotemporal variability and source apportionment of soil heavy metals in an urban cluster of the Yangtze River Delta,China

作　　者：刘玮晶 许伟伟[1] 任静华[1] 华明[1] 崔晓丹[1] 李文博[1] 周强 汪子意 汪媛媛[1] LIU Weijing;XU Weiwei;REN Jinghua;HUA Ming;CUI Xiaodan;LI Wenbo;ZHOU Qiang;WANG Ziyi;WANG Yuanyuan(Technology Innovation Center of Ecological Monitoring&Restoration Project on Land(arable)MNR,Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210018,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省地质调查研究院自然资源部国土(耕地)生态监测与修复工程技术创新中心,南京210018

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2025年第2期414-425,共12页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：典型矿山开采影响区生态地质调查与多种资源统筹开发利用试点资助项目(苏财资环[2022]19号);淮安市富硒土地资源调查与开发利用示范资助项目(苏财资环[2021]46号);无锡城市地质调查资助项目(苏财资环[2019]14号);宜兴市太华镇富硒土地详查与开发利用示范资助项目(苏财建[2018]210号);耕地环境污染调查成果在基本农田保护修复中的应用试点研究资助项目(苏财建[2017]123号)。

摘　　要：为科学合理服务区域生态环境保护,以长三角城市群某市表层土壤为主要研究对象,基于1∶250000和1∶50000土壤地球化学调查工作,测定土壤8项典型重金属含量,运用土壤环境地球化学等级划分方法评价土壤重金属超标程度,运用地统计学方法剖析重金属的时空变异特征,并运用相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析解析重金属来源。结果表明:1∶250000和1∶50000土壤地球化学调查工作取得的两期重金属中,除As外的7项重金属含量均值都超过了江苏省和全国土壤背景值,说明土壤普遍存在重金属污染;相较1∶250000调查,1∶50000调查中除Cd外的重金属含量变异系数均明显增加,两期含量值变化幅度较大、连续性较差,一方面由于调查尺度增大致使具体差异更加明显,另一方面由于人类活动对局部土壤影响作用较大。土壤环境地球化学等级划分方法评价结果表明,两期土壤重金属均表现出不同程度的污染,尤以Cd和Hg污染为主,表明土壤存在明显的点源污染局部聚集现象。分析两期重金属元素含量的时空变异,经过多年,土壤中重金属累积严重,形成以Cd、Cu和Hg为代表的污染聚集。源解析表明,土壤中As、Cr和Ni主要来源于成土母质叠加少量农业活动,Cd、Cu、Hg主要受人为工业活动的影响,Pb和Zn受交通运输为主叠加少量工业活动的影响。In China,regional environmental protection is of increasing significance due to population growth and urbanisation.The study investigated heavy metal pollution in surface soil from a city in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.Based on 1∶250000 and 1∶50000 soil geochemical surveys,the soil contents of eight heavy metals were evaluated according to a soil geochemical classification system.Geostatistics was used to analyse the spatiotemporal variations in heavy metal contents,while correlation,cluster and principal component analyses were used to analyse their sources.The average contents of seven heavy metals(As being the exception)in the two phases exceeded the reported soil background values for Jiangsu Province and China overall,indicating widespread soil pollution.Compared with the 1∶250000 survey,the coefficients of variation of all heavy metal contents(except Cd)were significantly higher.The ranges of variation in contents in the two periods were higher and the continuity was poor.While the specific difference was more obvious at the greater survey scale,human activities also had a greater impact on local soil.The soil geochemical classification results showed that the soil in the two stages showed different degrees of heavy metal pollution,especially of Cd and Hg,indicative of local accumulation due to point source pollution.Analysis of the spatiotemporal variations in heavy metal contents in the two phases showed that over the years,heavy metal accumulation in soil had become severe,mainly due to Cd,Cu and Hg pollution.Source analysis showed that As,Cr and Ni mainly came from a small number of agricultural activities superimposed on the parent material,Cd,Cu and Hg mainly came from industrial activities,and Pb and Zn mainly came from transportation and a small number of industrial activities superimposed on the parent material.

关 键 词：土壤重金属 污染评价 时空变异特征 多元统计分析 源解析 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]