2种生物炭施用对滨海盐渍土土壤细菌群落结构的影响分析  

Analysis of the impact of applying two types of biochar on the soil bacterial community in coastal saline soil

作　　者：王莹 王洁 崔心红 WANG Ying;WANG Jie;Cui Xinhong(Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping on Challenging Urban Sites,Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning,Shanghai 200232,China;Shanghai Gardening-Landscaping Construction Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200335,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市园林科学规划研究院,国家林业和草原局城市困难立地生态园林重点实验室,上海城市困难立地绿化工程技术研究中心,上海200232 [2]上海园林绿化建设有限公司,上海200335

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2025年第2期457-467,共11页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：上海市科委社会发展科技攻关项目(22dz1209403);上海市科委社会发展科技攻关项目(20dz1204802);上海市绿化和市容管理局“揭榜挂帅”项目(J202104);上海市绿化和市容管理局课题资助项目(G190201);上海建工集团股份有限公司科研计划项目(21JCSF-26)。

摘　　要：本研究针对生物炭在改良盐碱土壤中的潜在应用及其对土壤微生物多样性影响的复杂性,采用不同类型生物炭改良滨海盐渍土,探究生物炭对土壤细菌群落结构的调控作用,并解析土壤细菌群落对盐渍土绿化植物的促生机制。通过室内盆栽模拟试验,对比研究不同比例(质量比:0.5%、1%、5%)污泥水热炭和稻壳热解炭施加对土壤细菌群落结构变化的影响,并深入探讨了土壤细菌群落结构变化与土壤质量变化的关系。结果显示:添加生物炭3个月后土壤优势菌门、属均未改变,但在不同处理中的排序及相对丰度变化显著。优势菌属为Bacillu、Marmoricola等,具有显著性差异的属分别为Gaiella、Tumebacillus、Gemmatimonas等,嗜盐碱的菌的丰度降低,有助于维持土壤细菌组稳定的关键类群的丰度升高。多样性分析表明,2种生物炭改良盐渍土后均导致土壤微生物群落中的物种组成种类减少,但物种数量分布更均匀。当生物炭添加量为1%时,土壤微生物群落的多样性较高。冗余分析表明,土壤细菌群落分布主要受土壤全氮、有机碳、pH、全磷以及植物茎根比的影响。与稻壳热解炭相比,污泥水热炭在改良盐渍土方面表现出更为显著的效果,显著增加土壤细菌群落稳定性,其网络密度更高、模块化特征更明显,且具有更丰富的促进植物生长和缓解盐胁迫的基因。土壤细菌群落通过铁载体的合成、磷酸酶的分泌以及吲哚-3-乙酸酰胺的分泌等机制,提高植物在盐渍土不利环境中的生存能力和生产潜力。该研究结果可为生物炭在盐渍土改良中的实际应用提供理论参考。In order to investigate the regulatory effects of different types of biochar amendment on bacterial community structure in coastal saline soil,and to analyze how these bacterial communities enhance plant growth,a laboratory pot experiment was conducted.High-throughput sequencing techniques were employed to analyze the alterations in soil bacterial community structure resulting from the addition of different proportions(mass ratio:0.5%,1%,5%)of sludge hydrochar and rice husk biochar.Furthermore,the correlation between the changes in soil bacterial community structure and soil quality was thoroughly explored.The results showed that despite no change in the dominant bacterial phyla and genera in the soil after three months of biochar addition,there were significant variations in their order and relative abundance across different treatments.Bacillus and Marmoricola were among the dominant bacterial genera,while Gaiella,Tumebacillus,Gemmatimonas,etc.exhibited significant differences.The abundance of halophilic bacteria decreased,while the abundance of key groups that help maintain the stability of soil bacterial communities increased.Diversity analysis indicated that both types of biochar reduced the species composition in soil microbial communities following their application to improve saline soil,yet the species distribution became more uniform.When the biochar addition amount was 1%,the diversity of soil microbial community was higher.Redundancy analysis showed that there were significant differences in the microbial community structure of coastal saline soil treated with different biochars.The distribution of soil bacterial communities was primarily influenced by factors such as soil total nitrogen,organic carbon,pH,total phosphorus,and plant stem-root ratio.Compared with rice husk pyrolysis char,sludge hydrochar demonstrated more profound effects in enhancing the quality of saline soil,significantly boosting the stability of the soil bacterial community.This bacterial community exhibited a higher network densit

关 键 词：污泥水热炭 稻壳热解炭 滨海盐渍土 细菌群落 

分 类 号：TU992.3[建筑科学—市政工程] S154.36[农业科学—土壤学] X172[农业科学—农业基础科学]