企业数据担保融资的法律适用  

Legal Application of Corporate Data-Secured Financing

作　　者：程乐[1] CHENG Le(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2025年第2期67-80,193,共15页The Jurist

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“医疗数据市场化流动场内外法律机制构建研究”(24CFX070)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：企业数据担保融资存在数据权利质押贷和数据资产抵押贷两条入法通道。数据权利质押贷是企业基于数据财产权的交换价值,换取银行融资贷款的一种方式。数据资产抵押贷侧重数据的经济价值和流通性,以不转移占有的方式,兼顾抵押权人的受偿需求和抵押人的数据利用需求。数据担保应以登记为生效要件,目前可依托各数据交易平台的互认,实现权利公示和权属查询。数据担保融资贷款金额受数据现时价格p,担保总量q,担保率α的综合影响。鉴于p的波动性,数据估值应是该数据多个优先应用场景下的价值区间,并由估值机构提示数据价值波动风险。为了避免担保数据因时效而贬值,未来融资实践或可尝试数据动态质押的方式,允许出质人在质押期间利用数据并更新数据,以实现数据流通共享和财产担保的双赢。Enterprise data-secured financing involves two methods:data rights pledge loans and data asset mortgage loans.Data rights pledge loan is a way for enterprises to exchange the value of data property rights for bank financing.Data asset mortgage loan focuses on the economic value and liquidity of data,allowing for non-transfer of possession while balancing the repayment needs of the mortgagee and the data utilization needs of the mortgagor.Data guarantees should rely on registration as a validity condition,currently achievable through mutual recognition among various data trading platforms,enabling rights publicity and ownership inquiries.The amount of data financing loan is influenced by the spot price p,total collateral q,and collateral rateα.Given the volatility of p,data valuation should reflect the value range of data across multiple prioritized application scenarios,with valuation agencies highlighting the risks of value fluctuation.To prevent depreciation of collateralized data due to time sensitivity,a dynamic data pledge approach is recommended,allowing the pledgor to utilize and update the data during the pledge period,representing a superior option for data financing.

关 键 词：企业数据 数据担保融资 数据估值 交换价值 数据担保登记 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]