补气中药党参的本草考证  

Herbalogical Study on Traditional Chinese Medicine Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)for Tonifying Qi

作　　者：陈伟洁 庞稳泰 王国蕴 张雅姿 孟令坤 庄铭 安佳丽 钟梦媛 郑文科 CHEN Weijie;PANG Wentai;WANG Guoyun;ZHANG Yazi;MENG Lingkun;ZHUANG Ming;AN Jiali;ZHONG Mengyuan;ZHENG Wenke(Center for Evidence-based Medicine,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China)

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学循证医学中心,天津301617

出　　处：《辽宁中医药大学学报》2025年第4期118-123,共6页Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3501801)。

摘　　要：党参为临床常用补气药,拥有近1500年的悠久用药历史,历代医家对党参品种及功效认识上有较大差异,且伪品众多、药用品种混乱。该文通过查阅历代古籍本草、现代专著、国家标准等资料,对党参进行系统梳理与考证。经考证,党参在明朝以前和人参混用千年之久,直到明末《本草征药》始将党参单独记载为一味中药材,名曰党参,这与现代认知的首次记载于清代《本经逢源》提前了100多年。党参名称众多,有“上党人参”“防党参”“红党参”“黄参”之称。在不同时期,党参的本草记载也有所侧重,明代以功效和形态记载为主,清代以相近功效中药的鉴别为主,近现代以产地功效区分为主,根据植物形态学研究发现,古籍记载党参基原为桔梗科植物党参。党参产地最初记载为邯郸,即太行山山脉,产地变迁有向山地发展的趋势。品质仍以山西潞党参为优。药性存在微温的记载,经分析党参用量不同药性也有所差别;归经与《中华人民共和国药典》记载的脾肺二经上增加了心经,用于治疗心气不足、心肝虚、心肝有热,这与现代药理研究在一定程度上相符;在功效上,现代记载用于肺气虚的治疗,而多部古籍记载党参也可用于清肺寒、宣肺热,此记载在临床应用上具有一定的合理性。因此,通过研究系统梳理了党参名称、品种、产地、品质、归经功效随着时代的变迁而产生的变化,以期为党参合理用药和中药材大品种开发提供依据。Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)is a commonly used medicine for invigorating Qi in clinical practice.It has a long history of nearly 1500 years.There are great differences in the understanding of Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)varieties and efficacy among doctors of all dynasties.This paper systematically combs and researches Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)codonopsis through consulting ancient books,modern monographs,national standards and other materials.According to research,Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)was mixed with ginseng for a thousand years before the Ming dynasty,until the end of the Ming dynasty,Herbal Medicine began to record Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)separately as a Chinese herbal medicine,named Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix),which was the first record of modern cognition in the Qing dynasty Benjing Fengyuan more than 100 years in advance.There are many names of Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix),known as“Shangdangshen”“Fangdangshen”“Hongdangshen”and“Huangdangshen”.In different periods,the records of Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)materia medica also focused on the Ming dynasty to record the efficacy and form,the Qing dynasty to identify the similar efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine,modern times to distinguish the efficacy of the origin of Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix),according to plant morphology research found that the ancient books recorded Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)was originally Codonopsis platycodon family plant.The origin of Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)was originally recorded as Handan,that is,the Taihang mountain range,and the origin change has the trend of mountain development.The quality is still superior to Shanxi Ludangshen.The medicinal properties of Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)were recorded with mild temperature,and the medicinal properties of Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)were different with different dosage.The heart channel is added to the spleen and lung channels recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,which is used to treat the deficiency of heart Qi,the deficiency of heart and liver,and the heat of heart a

关 键 词：党参 历史沿革 功效 产地变迁 本草考证 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]