儿童自身免疫性疾病实验室诊断和免疫调节机制研究进展  

Research progress in laboratory diagnosis and immune regulatory mechanisms of pediatric autoimmune diseases

作　　者：翁文浩 WENG Wenhao(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Shanghai Children's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市儿童医院上海交通大学医学院附属儿童医院检验科,上海200062

出　　处：《检验医学》2025年第3期205-208,共4页Laboratory Medicine

摘　　要：儿童自身免疫性疾病因免疫机制复杂、临床表现异质性强,且与成人差异显著,成为儿科诊疗的重要挑战。近年来,随着分子诊断技术的革新和免疫调节机制研究的深入,儿童自身免疫性疾病的抗体检测优化、外周血免疫指标动态分析和靶向治疗策略已有显著进展。然而,特异性研究数据的缺乏、诊断标准的成人化倾向和转化研究的滞后仍是制约儿童自身免疫性疾病临床实践的核心问题。文章系统评述了儿童自身免疫性疾病的实验室诊断技术、免疫调节机制研究和新兴治疗方向的进展。未来需通过构建儿童分层诊断体系、推进多组学技术整合和跨学科协作来实现从经验性诊疗到精准医学的跨越,最终改善相关疾病患儿的长期预后。Pediatric autoimmune diseases pose challenges in clinical practice due to the complex immune mechanisms,heterogeneous clinical manifestations and distinct differences from adult populations.Recent advancements in molecular diagnostic technologies and immune regulatory mechanisms have improved antibody determination strategies,dynamic analysis of peripheral blood immune indicators and targeted therapies.However,the lack of pediatric-specific data,adult-oriented diagnostic criteria and translational research barriers remain critical limitations.This review synthesizes recent studies from a special issue,high-lighting breakthroughs in laboratory diagnosis,mechanistic insights into immune dysregulation and emerging therapeutic approaches.Future directions emphasize the establishment of pediatric-specific diagnostic frameworks,integration of multi-omics technologies and interdisciplinary collaboration to transition from empirical treatment to precision medicine,ultimately enhancing long-term outcomes for pediatric patients.

关 键 词：儿童自身免疫性疾病 实验室诊断 免疫调节机制 精准医学 治疗策略 

分 类 号：R446.61[医药卫生—诊断学]