新形势下黄河干流中游水环境问题诊断与入河排污口设置分析对策研究  

Study on the diagnosis of water environmental problems and the influence of sewage outfall setting in the middle reaches of the Yellow River under the new situation

作　　者：郜学军 陈希 GAO Xue-jun;CHEN Xi(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin,Ministry of Water Resources(Under Construction),Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450003 [2]水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室(筹),河南郑州450003

出　　处：《环境生态学》2025年第3期1-9,共9页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202400)资助。

摘　　要：黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展是国家重大发展战略,近年来,有限的水资源和脆弱的生态系统使得黄河流域水环境保护仍面临巨大的挑战。本研究首先选取黄河干流中游吴堡段柏树坪国控断面开展干流水环境现状评价及污染源分析,发现年内4月、5月和7月份断面水质超标现象较为突出,干流沿岸排污、支流水质差是造成水污染的主要成因,此外城镇截污管网问题增加了水污染的不确定性;其次结合黄河流域中游段入河排污口实例,通过统筹考虑纳污水功能区、国家地表水考核断面不同水质目标及水域纳污能力复核,运用二维水环境模型分析入河排污口设置对河段水环境及敏感目标的影响,结果表明正常工况下入河主要污染物COD、NH_(3)-N影响范围为200 m和100 m,对黄河吴堡排污控制区、黄河柏树坪国家地表水考核断面和相关环境敏感点影响较小;最后提出新形势下黄河干流中游段入河排污口设置要点及区域水环境协同共治、入河污染物监督管理、水污染防治应急处理等全局系统视角下水环境治理举措建议。Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin is a major national development strategy.In recent years,the limited water resources and fragile ecosystems make the water environment protection in the Yellow River Basin still face great challenges.In this study,the Baisuping State control section of Wupu Section in the middle reaches of the Yellow River main stream was first selected to evaluate the current status of the water environment of the main stream and analyze the pollution sources.It was found that the water quality of the section in April,May and July of the year was more prominent.The main cause of water pollution was the discharge along the main stream and the poor water quality of tributaries.Secondly,combined with the example of the sewage inlet in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin,the influence of the sewage inlet setting on the water environment and sensitive targets of the river reach was analyzed by using a two-dimensional water environment model through overall consideration of different water quality objectives of the sewage absorption functional area,the national surface water assessment section and the sewage absorption capacity review of the water area.The results show that the influence range of the main pollutants COD and NH_(3)-N in the river is 200 m and 100 m,show that the influence on the Wupu discharge control area of the Yellow River,the national surface water assessment section of the Yellow River Baishuping and related environmental sensitive points is small.Finally,the study puts forward the key points of the drainage outlet of the middle reaches of the Yellow River main stream under the new situation,regional water environment coordination,supervision and management of pollutants entering the river,and water pollution prevention and emergency treatment from the perspective of the global system.

关 键 词：黄河流域 水环境 水质监测 污染调查 排污口设置 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]