珠江河口水沙控导关键问题研究与思考  

Studies and thinking on key issues related to water and sediment control in the Pearl River Estuary

作　　者：袁菲 胡晓张 喻丰华 卢陈 Yuan Fei;Hu Xiaozhang;Yu Fenghua;Lu Chen

机构地区：[1]珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广州510611 [2]水利部珠江河口治理与保护重点实验室,广州510611

出　　处：《中国水利》2025年第6期38-42,共5页China Water Resources

基　　金：流域水治理重大关键技术研究项目(2022YF001);中国水利水电科学研究院水利部泥沙科学与北方河流治理重点实验室开放基金(IWHR-SEDI-202105)。

摘　　要：珠江河口位于珠江尾闾,是粤港澳大湾区城市群的核心,承担泄洪、纳潮、供水、生态、港口、航运等重要任务。强人类活动引起上游来沙减少,河道大幅度下切,滩槽格局变化,水沙平衡关系打破,河口水安全面临挑战。在梳理珠江河口治理历程基础上,剖析珠江河口水沙现状及存在问题,主要体现在三方面:一是西、北江大规模不均衡下切改变了思贤滘分流比,加重了西北江三角洲北江片防洪压力;二是受上游来水来沙变化及人类活动影响,磨刀门河口拦门沙萎缩,咸潮上溯加剧;三是伶仃洋大规模采砂改变现有滩槽格局,影响海域内港口及航道运营。为调整河道水沙关系,提出通过水动力控导进行弱人工干预,促进河口自适应修复:一是在河口顶点思贤滘结合生态控导工程控制稳定的合理分流比;二是在河口最前缘磨刀门拦门沙进行人工围合促淤;三是维持伶仃洋采砂坑区长期稳定的自然修复,从而重塑对水安全有利的水沙条件,保障珠江河口水安全。Pearl River Estuary,located at the end of the Pearl River,shall be the core of urban agglomeration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,with functions of flood discharge,tidal control,water supply,ecology,port and navigation.Intensive human activities may lead to decrease of sediments from upstream,downcutting of rivers,change of river bank and course patterns,disruption of water sediment balance and threaten water security.Based on review of Pearl River Estuary harnessing process,present status and existing problems of water and sediment are analyzed,which are mainly reflected in three aspects.First,large-scale imbalance of West and North Rivers has changed the diversion ratio of Sixianjiao,increasing the pressure of flood control in the north of Northwest River Delta.Second,affected by changes of coming water and sediment upstream and human activities,sandbar at the mouth of the Modaomen River has shrunk,and seawater intrusion has intensified.Third,large-scale sand mining in Lingdingyang has changed the sand and river course pattern that affect operation of ports and waterways in the coastal areas.Hydrodynamic control shall be employed to facilitate adaptive restoration of the estuary,so as to adjust water-sediment relationship.First,diversion ratio should be stabilized by combining ecological and structural measures at the apex of the estuary in Sixianjiao.Second,artificial enclosure should be conducted at the forefront of the river mouth for siltation at the Modaomen sandbar.Third,natural restoration should be maintained for long-term stability of sand mining area in Lingdingyang,in order to rebuild favorable water and sediment conditions and ensure water security of theP earl River Estuary.

关 键 词：珠江河口 人类活动 水沙控导 自适应调整 生态修复 

分 类 号：TV856[水利工程—水利水电工程]