征收、运输与分配——红四军粮食给养问题研究(1927—1930)  

Expropriation,Transportation and Distribution-A Study on the Food Supply of the Fourth Red Army(1927-1930)

作　　者：马学军 Ma Xuejun(College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2025年第2期77-94,M0005,M0006,共20页Open Times

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(项目编号:2024TC068)的支持。

摘　　要：所谓“兵马未动,粮草先行”,粮食给养关系到红军日常的军需民食和革命根据地的生死存亡。毛泽东和朱德带领的红四军从上井冈山到建立井冈山革命根据地,再到下井冈山转战赣南、闽西,一直面临着粮食给养的困难。红四军通过废除军饷,实行官兵平等,打土豪筹粮筹款,开展土地革命,重视普通民伕,建立集中化的给养统筹机构等一系列措施,在一定程度上解决了粮食的征收、运输和分配困难,也重塑了官兵民伕的关系。然而,红四军仍存在粮食给养与军事作战,粮食给养与根据地资源的负担限度,以及粮食给养的分散化与集中化统筹等三重张力,这是此后需要面对和克服的问题。As the saying goes,“Food and fodder should go ahead of troops and horses.”Food supply was related to the daily necessities of the Red Army and the survival of the revolutionary base.The Fourth Red Army led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De had always faced difficulties in food provisioning from the time they occupied Jinggang Mountain to the period of their maneuvering in Southern Jiangxi and Western Fujian.Through a series of measures such as abolishing military pay,implementing equality between commanders and rank and file,confiscating the landlords of their food and money,carrying out land revolution,recruiting civilian porters,and establishing a centralized feeding and coordinating organization,the Fourth Red Army not only solved the difficulties in collecting,transporting and distributing food to a large extent,but also reshaped the relationship between officers,soldiers,and civilians.However,the food supply of the Fourth Red Army also still faced the intense pressure of military operations,the limit of the burden of the resources of the revolutionary base areas,and the contradictory relationship between decentralization and centralized coordination,which were the triple difficulties that the Fourth Red Army's food supply needed to face and overcome thereafter.

关 键 词：红四军 粮食给养 打土豪 民伕 集中统筹 

分 类 号：D23[政治法律—政治学]