从“欧战”到“世界大战”:一战在华反应的思想轨迹与影响  

From“European War”to“World War”:Evolving Chinese Response to World WarⅠand the Consequences

作　　者：余露[1] Yu Lu(Yuelu Academy,Hunan University)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院

出　　处：《开放时代》2025年第2期140-152,M0008,共14页Open Times

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“近代中国‘世界’观念研究”(项目编号:18CZS035)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：今日习称的第一次世界大战,中国人最初通称为“欧战”,转换到“世界大战”的根源不在于战争的规模,而在于中国与大战的关系。战争初起,国人已意识到其为“世界级”但仍以“欧战”名之,基本还是旁观心态。“世界大战”之称开始于日本参战之时,成型于中国对德国断交之后,反映中国参与和影响大战、与世界同步的积极态势。大战尾声至战后,“世界大战”作为名分日显重要,体现中国作为“世界”一分子,直接面向“世界”,积极寻求应有的国际地位,防范和抵制日本图谋独霸东亚,以公理抗强权的艰辛努力。受挫之后,中国依然坚持这一价值取向,预言并警告不合理的战后国际秩序将导致第二次世界大战起于东亚。一战对中国影响之深不在于战争本身,而在于战争所导致的国际政治格局,以及由此引起的中国与世界关系的变化。The conflict known today as World WarⅠwas initially referred to by the Chinese as the“European War.”The shift in terminology to“World War”was not rooted in the scale of the war,but rather in China's relationship with it.At the onset of the war,the Chinese people recognized its global magnitude but continued to label it as the“European War,”maintaining a largely observational stance.The term“World War”began to be used when Japan entered the war and became more established after China severed diplomatic ties with Germany,reflecting China's active engagement and influence in the war,and its synchronization with global developments.Towards the end of the war and beyond,the designation“World War”gained even greater significance,symbolizing China's role as a member of the“world,”directly engaging with global affairs,actively seeking its rightful international status,striving to prevent and resist Japan's ambitions to dominate East Asia,and upholding“justice”against the strong powers.Despite setbacks,China persisted in this value orientation,predicting and warning that an unjust post-war international order would lead to the outbreak of World WarⅠI in East Asia.The profound impact of World WarⅠon China lies not in the war itself,but in the international political landscape it created and the consequent changes in China's relationship with the world.

关 键 词：欧战 世界大战 一战 世界 

分 类 号：G84[文化科学—体育训练]