非宪政民主国家的可信承诺:问题与争论  

Credible Commitments in Non-constitutional Democratic States:Issue and Debate

作　　者：谢振达 Xie Zhenda(School of International Relations&Public Affairs,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2025年第2期154-168,M0008,M0009,共17页Open Times

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“共建共治共享的社会治理制度运行机制及实践模式创新研究”(项目编号:22AZD085);复旦大学陈树渠比较政治发展研究中心年度课题(项目编号:CCPDS-FudanND-KT24022)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新制度经济学尝试从信誉的角度理解制度,并认为宪政秩序有助于国家作出广泛的可信承诺,以实现秩序巩固和经济发展。但是,这些文献大多认为只有自由民主、多党竞选才是正当和有效的体制,并将其称为自由民主或宪政民主秩序。来自比较政治学的研究则认为,在非宪政民主秩序下,国家也具备能够缓解可信承诺问题的制度主义路径。上述问题与争论构成本文的主要理论困惑。文章从权力分享和产权保护出发讨论非宪政民主国家的可信承诺何以可能。文章认为,新制度经济学以西方宪政经验为理论蓝图,以政体二分的演绎逻辑为进路,在理论框架上存在一定的推导疏漏,遮蔽了可信承诺的本原含义。可信承诺的本质是对政治制度建设水平的强调,无法推论出宏观的价值判断和政治经济结果,应该将可信承诺视为一项分析工具和治理议题,并且弱化其背后的意识形态预设。New institutional economists attempts to understand institutions from the perspective of credibility.They assume that constitutional order benefits states to make extensive credible commitments,and to achieve the consolidation of order and economic development.However,much of this literature assumes that only liberal democracy and multi-party elections constitute a legitimate and effective system,often referred to as liberal democracy or constitutional democracy.In contrast,literature from comparative politics suggests that even under nonconstitutional democratic orders,states possess institutional pathways capable of mitigating the problem of credible commitment.These issues and debates constitute the main theoretical puzzles addressed in this article.We explore how credible commitments are possible in non-constitutional democratic states from the perspectives of power-sharing and property rights protection.We argue that new institutional economics,with its theoretical blueprint based on Western constitutional experiences and a dichotomous deductive logic of political systems,obscuring the original meaning of credible commitment.Credible commitment emphasizes the level of political institution building and cannot deduce macro value judgments and political-economic outcomes.Credible commitment should be regarded as an analytical tool and a governance issue,without the ideological presuppositions behind it.

关 键 词：新制度经济学 可信承诺 权力分享 产权保护 宪政秩序 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]