利用Tracker软件改进落球法测黏滞系数实验  

Improving the Falling-Sphere Method for Measuring theCoefficient of Viscosity Using Tracker Software

作　　者：徐鸿泰 程雪佳 张梓漠 杨紫江 XU Hongtai;CHENG Xuejia;ZHANG Zimo;YANG Zijiang(School of Physics and Electronic Technology,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学物理与电子技术学院,辽宁大连16029

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2025年第1期75-80,共6页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12404301);辽宁师范大学博士启动基金(2024BSL018);辽宁师范大学国家科研项目培育计划(校2024170)。

摘　　要：落球法测黏滞系数是大学物理实验中的一项基本内容,本文针对传统实验存在的弊端进行了改进:采用电磁铁控制小球下坠以减少手动操作引起的误差;采用智能温度控制器以消除温度变化带来的误差;采用手机拍摄并导入Tracker软件的数据处理方法,避免了人眼观察导致的计时不准问题。在此基础上,进行了三种方法的对比实验,三种方法的精度由高到低依次是:Tracker法、光电门法、计时法,且改良后的方法对实验结果的相对误差仅为0.44%、标准差为0.001273。表明本文的实验方法具有较高的测量精度与可靠性,可加深学生对相关知识的理解。The falling-sphere method for measuring the coefficient of viscosity is a fundamental content in university physics experiments.This paper presents improvements to the traditional experiment by addressing its inherent drawbacks:an electromagnet is employed to control the descent of the sphere,reducing errors caused by manual operation;a smart temperature controller is used to eliminate errors due to temperature variations;and a data processing approach involving smartphone photography and subsequent importation into Tracker software is adopted,mitigating timing inaccuracies resulting from human visual inspection.On this basis,comparative experiments were conducted using three methods.The precision of these methods,in descending order,is:Tracker method,photoelectric gate method,and timing method.The relative error of the improved method′s experimental results is only 0.44%,with a standard deviation of 0.001273.These findings indicate that the experimental method proposed in this paper exhibits high measurement accuracy and reliability,thereby enhancing students′understanding of relevant knowledge.

关 键 词：落球法 黏滞系数 Tracker软件 电磁铁 温控器 

分 类 号：O4-33[理学—物理]