英格兰安茹王朝初期王位继承要素探析——以1190年《墨西拿条约》为线索  

On Factors of Throne Succession in the Early Angevin Dynasty of England:With The Treaty of Messina in 1190 as a Clue

作　　者：黄明浩 HUANG Ming-hao(School of History and Culture,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学历史文化学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期122-130,共9页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：英格兰国王理查一世为了修正自己在十字军东征前未确立继承人的失误,在1190年11月与西西里国王坦克雷德签订的《墨西拿条约》中,指定侄子布列塔尼的亚瑟为自己的继承人。兄弟不睦的现状、强化王室与布列塔尼政治联系以及亚瑟王崇拜的影响是理查做出这一决定的三大影响因素。到了理查统治后期,由于政治环境的变化和兄弟关系的改善,他开始考虑改立弟弟约翰为继承人。不过,理查生前没有改变自己的立储决策、也没有消除导致内战的内部隐患,这一失误也酿成了叔侄相残的惨剧,埋下了安茹帝国瓦解的祸根。约翰与亚瑟的内战也表明,不同领地的继承习惯以及现实政治因素是影响继承权归属的两大重要因素。相较而言,贵族阶层的倾向、王位争夺者的实力等现实政治因素对继承权归属有着更大的影响力。In order to correct his mistake of not establishing an heir before the Crusades,King Richard I of England designated his nephew Arthur of Brittany as his successor in The Treaty of Messina signed with King Tancred of Sicily in November 1190.The current situation of the brotherly discord,the strengthening of the royal family’s political ties with Brittany,and the impact of the cult of King Arthur were the three factors that led to Richard’s decision.In his late reign,due to changes in the political environment and the improvement of brotherly relations,Richard began to consider appointing his younger brother John as his heir.However,Richard did not,during his lifetime,change his previous decision on the succession or eliminate the internal risks that led to the civil war,which also resulted in the tragedy of fratricide between uncles and nephews,and set the very cause for the collapse of the Anjou Empire.The civil war between John and Arthur also indicates that the inheritance habits of different territories and actual political factors are two significant factors affecting the ownership of inheritance rights.Comparatively spaking,actual political factors such as the inclination of the aristocratic class and the power of the contenders for the throne and so on have a greater impact on the attribution of inheritance rights.

关 键 词：《墨西拿条约》 理查一世 安茹帝国 安茹王朝 王位继承权 

分 类 号：K512.3[历史地理—历史学]