“国之优典”:清朝额驸封号、品级制度考论  

“Preferential Ceremony of Qing Dynasty”:The Research on the Title and Rank System of“E Fu”in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：韩天阳 HAN Tianyang(Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Shenyang,Liaoning 110854,China)

机构地区：[1]中国刑事警察学院侦查与反恐怖学院,辽宁沈阳110854

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第2期22-33,共12页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：辽宁省教育科研骨干专项重点课题(JG24QGA24);辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(LJ132410166033)。

摘　　要：随着清朝皇权的建立,“额驸”经历了从汗(皇)家女婿的一般性称谓转变为额驸正式封号的过程。额驸封号所对应的品级视其所尚公主、格格而定,但清代官方政典对额驸品级制定过程的记载并不清晰。档案资料表明,至迟在乾隆十二年各级额驸的品级才最终确定。清朝对额驸封号、品级的管理,主要表现为封号、品级的升格、降等以及革除。封授额驸是清朝肇建时期统治者处理满蒙关系及调和自身与满洲勋贵家族之间关系的重要手段。额驸的封号、品级制度不仅是清王朝笼络、优待额驸的重要方式,而且是清帝对额驸及其家族的一种约束和控驭手段。With the establishment of imperial power in the Qing Dynasty,the title of“E Fu”went through a process of changing from the general title of son-in-law of the Khan(Emperor)family to the formal title of“E Fu”.The rank corresponding to the title of the empress depends on the princess and her rank,but the official political documents of the Qing Dynasty do not clearly record the process of determining the rank of“E Fu”.The archival materials indicate that the final grades of the various levels of“E Fu”were not determined until the twelfth year of the Qianlong reign.The Qing Dynasty’s management of the titles and grades of“E Fu”mainly manifested in the promotion,demotion,and removal of titles and grades.Granting titles to imperial consorts was an important means for rulers during the Qing Dynasty to manage relations between Manchuria and Mongolia,as well as to reconcile their own relationships with the noble families of Manchuria.The system of enfeoffment and rank of the“E Fu”was not only an important way for the Qing Dynasty to win over and favor the“E Fu”,but also a means of restraint and control by the Qing Emperor over the“E Fu”and his family.

关 键 词：清代 额驸 封号 品级 尚主 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]