战略自主、技术权力与欧盟数字战略的权力政治转向  

Strategic Autonomy,Technological Power and the Power Political Shift in the EU Digital Strategy

作　　者：张成新 ZHANG Chengxin

机构地区：[1]山东大学马克思主义学院,264209

出　　处：《世界经济与政治论坛》2025年第2期68-87,174,共21页Forum of World Economics & Politics

摘　　要：作为引领新一轮科技革命、重塑国际格局的关键,数字技术正在改变大国竞争形式,技术权力成为大国战略竞争尤其是中美竞争的焦点。中美数字竞争塑造着欧盟战略自主的国际环境,驱动欧盟的数字战略呈现出明显的现实主义权力政治逻辑转向。“数字主权”成为欧盟数字战略的主轴,对内支持关键数字技术发展、优化创新生态、塑造统一内部市场;对外拓展欧盟数字技术价值和规范、争夺国际技术标准、与盟友和伙伴构建技术联盟体系。欧盟数字战略的权力政治转向仍面临诸多困境,包括战略本身具有内在悖论,难以在中短期内提升技术能力和推动产业发展,成员国具有较大政策自主空间及面临外部持续竞争的压力。为应对欧盟数字战略的权力政治转向,中国需要促进中欧之间的相互依赖,完善数字治理体系,构建反制工具箱,做好企业的合规工作,并在政府层面为企业保驾护航。Asa pivotal force driving the new technological revolution and reshaping the international landscape,digital technology is transforming the dynamics of great power competition.Technological power has emerged as the focal point of strategic competition among great powers,particularly between China and the United States.China-U.S.digital competition is reshaping the international environment for the EU s quest for strategic autonomy,propelling a discernible shift toward realist power politics logic in the EU s digital strategy.“Digital sovereignty”now anchors the EU s digital strategy.Internally,it entails supporting critical digital technology development,optimizing innovation ecosystems,and consolidating a unified internal market.Externally,it seeks to globalize the EU s digital norms,dominate international technical standard-setting,and forge techno-alliance systems with allies and partners.Nevertheless,the EU s power-political shift in the EU s digital strategy faces structural constraints:inherent contradictions within the strategy itself,which make it difficult to enhance technological capabilities and promote industrial development in the short-to-medium term,significant policy autonomy among member states,and persistent external competitive pressures.To navigate this shift,China needs to promote mutual interdependence with Europe,refine its digital governance system,develop countermeasure toolkits,ensure corporate compliance efforts,and provide governmental support and protection for enterprises at the government level.

关 键 词：欧盟数字战略 数字主权 战略自主 技术权力 权力政治 数字治理 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]