氨气-柴油双燃料发动机燃烧与排放特性研究  

Study on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of an Ammonia-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine

作　　者：崔健 聂学选 毕玉华[1] 申立忠 雷基林[1] 万明定 张凯[1] CUI Jian;NIE Xuexuan;BI Yuhua;SHEN Lizhong;LEI Jilin;WAN Mingding;ZHANG Kai(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学云南省内燃机重点实验室,昆明650500

出　　处：《内燃机工程》2025年第2期36-43,共8页Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52066008)。

摘　　要：以一台排量为3.0 L的4缸高压共轨柴油机为研究对象,设计了进气道喷氨系统,并利用自主开发的双燃料发动机电子控制单元(engine control unit,ECU)来控制进气歧管中的4个氨气喷嘴的喷射。通过调节喷射脉宽来改变氨气喷嘴的开启时刻与氨的喷射量,在模拟平原环境下进行了不同替代率下的氨柴油双燃料发动机性能试验。研究分析不同氨替代率对缸压、燃烧放热率、燃烧温度、滞燃期、燃烧重心和燃烧持续期的影响,同时还研究了不同氨替代率对HC、CO、NO_(x)、NH_(3)、CO_(2)及PN等排放的影响。研究结果表明,氨替代率由0增加到30%时,缸压、燃烧放热率与燃烧温度分别下降了0.42 MPa、9 J/(°)与34.9 K,且滞燃期与燃烧持续期分别延长了0.9°与4.5°,燃烧重心推迟了1.5°。随着氨替代率增加,HC与CO排放小幅度增加,CO_(2)和NO_(x)排放显著减少,未燃NH_(3)排放显著增加。替代率每增加10%,CO_(2)与NO_(x)排放分别降低3343×10^(-6)与65×10^(-6);HC与CO分别增加6×10^(-6)与8×10^(-6),未燃NH_(3)排放增加87.3×10^(-6)。尽管氨替代燃料有助于减少碳排放,但同时也导致燃油经济性下降。在30%的氨替代率下,当量燃油消耗率上升至37.9 g/(k W·h),热效率降低至35.9%。An ammonia injection system was designed for a four-cylinder high-pressure common-rail diesel engine with a displacement of 3.0 L.A self-developed ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engine control unit(ECU)was utilized to control the injection of four ammonia nozzles in the intake manifold.By adjusting the injection pulse width,the opening time of the ammonia nozzles and the amount of ammonia injected were changed.Performance tests of the ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engine at different substitution rates were conducted under simulated flatland conditions.The impact of different ammonia substitution rates on cylinder pressure,heat release rate,combustion temperature,ignition delay,combustion center of gravity,and combustion duration was analyzed.Additionally,the effects of different ammonia energy substitution rates on HC、CO、NO_(x)、NH_(3)、CO_(2)and particle number were investigated.The results showed that when the ammonia substitution rate increased from 0 to 30%,the cylinder pressure,heat release rate and combustion temperature decreased by 0.42 MPa,9 J/(°),and 34.9 K,respectively.Additionally,the ignition delay and combustion duration were extended by 0.9°and 4.5°,respectively,and the combustion center was delayed by 1.5°.As the ammonia substitution rate increased,HC and CO emissions showed a slight increase,while CO_(2)and NO_(x)emissions were significantly reduced,and unburned NH_(3)emissions increased markedly.For every 10%increase in the ammonia substitution rate,CO_(2)and NO_(x)emissions decreased by 3343×10^(-6)and 65×10^(-6),respectively,HC and CO emissions increased by 6×10^(-6)and 8×10^(-6),respectively,and unburned NH_(3)emissions rose by 87.3×10^(-6).Although the use of ammonia helped to reduce carbon emissions,it also led to a decrease in fuel economy.At an ammonia substitution rate of 30%,the equivalent fuel consumption rate increased to 37.9 g/(kW·h),and the thermal efficiency reduced to 35.9%.

关 键 词：氨气 柴油 发动机 双燃料 燃烧 排放 

分 类 号：TK427[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]