“再小农化”背景下农户人力资本结构与农业环境效率:作用机理与影响效应  

Rural Household Human Capital Structure and Agricultural Environmental Efficiency in the Context of Smallholder Farmers:Mechanism of Action and Effect

作　　者：王颜齐[1] 郝雅琪 WANG Yanqi;HAO Yaqi(College of Economics and Management,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学经济管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《农业经济与管理》2025年第1期95-106,共12页Agricultural Economics and Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BJY135)。

摘　　要：兼顾“保增长”和“促减排”是新时期农业绿色发展的核心内容。探讨农户人力资本结构与农业环境效率的关系对推动农业绿色转型具有重要价值。文章基于2002—2021年中国13个粮食主产区的面板数据,运用SBM模型对农业环境效率进行测算,并构建面板平滑转换回归模型实证检验农户人力资本结构与农业环境效率之间的门槛效应。结果表明:农户人力资本结构与农业环境效率间呈现双门槛效应,表现为人力资本结构与农业环境效率之间呈“U”型的特征趋势。当人力资本结构处于双门槛值之间,在重工业优先发展战略引发产业结构失衡以及规模化生产导向催生“去小农化”趋势的双重作用下,农户人力资本结构偏离最优生产结构加剧污染排放,导致农业环境效率降低。目前中国粮食主产区大多处于该门槛值内,农户人力资本结构存在较大的优化空间。当人力资本结构越过第二门槛,人力资本结构对农业环境效率起正向激励作用,间接缓解环境污染,促进农业环境效率提升。机制检验分析显示,农户人力资本结构通过教育积累和要素禀赋促进农业环境效率提升。鉴于此,提出开展针对性培训计划,构建“基础教育振兴+职业教育贯通+高等教育反哺”的三级培育体系,推动农户人力资本整体提升,建立健全农业环境监测与评估机制,制定差异化的财政支农政策。Balancing"maintaining growth"and"promoting emission reduction"is the core content of green agricultural development in the new era.As the micro-subjects of agricultural production,human capital is an important driving force for the green transformation of agriculture.Exploring the relationship between the structure of farmers'human capital and agricultural environmental efficiency is of great value in promoting the green transformation of agriculture.Based on panel data from 2002 to 2021 for 13 major grain-producing areas in China.A non-radial and non-angular SBM model is developed as an effective tool for estimating agricultural environmental efficiency.This study employs a panel smooth transition regression model to empirically test the threshold effect of rural household human capital structure on the uneven change of agricultural environmental efficiency improvement.The results showed that:The findings of this study reveal a significant dual threshold effect between rural households'human capital and agricultural environmental efficiency,with distinct levels of human capital accumulation leading to a notable U-shaped trend of human capital structure from low to high control areas.The distorted production structure caused by the strategy of overtaking heavy industry,as well as the pursuit of scale production resulting in a state of"de-peasantization,"have exacerbated pollution emissions and reduced agricultural environmental efficiency.Currently,most of the major agricultural provinces in China are within the threshold range,indicating that there is significant room for improvement in the human capital structure of farmers.When the human capital structure surpasses the second threshold,it positively incentivizes agricultural environmental efficiency,indirectly mitigating environmental pollution and promoting the improvement of agricultural environmental efficiency.Mechanism analysis and examination demonstrate that the dynamic evolution of agricultural environmental efficiency is not only influenced by educati

关 键 词：农业环境效率 人力资本 再小农化 PSTR模型 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]