日冕物质抛射对金星和火星空间环境的影响  

The impacts of coronal mass ejections on the space environments of Venus and Mars

作　　者：徐麒 谢良海 李磊 徐晓军 Xu Qi;Xie Lianghai;Li Lei;Xu Xiaojun(National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao 999078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100190 [2]澳门科技大学月球与行星科学国家重点实验室,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《地球与行星物理论评(中英文)》2025年第4期446-457,共12页Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42241112);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(1244062)。

摘　　要：日冕物质抛射(coronal mass ejections, CME)是太阳的瞬变现象,其对太阳系内行星的影响备受关注.作为地球的邻近行星,金星和火星也受到CME的直接和间接影响.现有的研究表明,金星和火星的磁层、电离层和行星离子逃逸对CME的响应都很剧烈,同时中性大气也会在CME爆发时的耀斑以及CME伴随着的高能粒子影响下发生显著变化,比如在火星观测到的中性大气加热以及与高能粒子能量沉积相关的极光发射.另外,在火星观测到磁场拓扑的改变和带电粒子沉降的增加,并且火星稀薄的大气和局部的剩余磁场导致CME的影响在火星地表环境也有独特的显现,比如地表辐射计量的增强和福布斯下降的出现.除了离子逃逸的增加,火星中性大气的逃逸率也在耀斑影响下极大地增加了.本文总结了近年来关于CME对金星和火星的影响的研究成果,旨在深入了解这种影响对金星和火星空间环境和未来探测任务的意义.Coronal mass ejections(CME)are solar transients,and their impacts on the planets within the solar system have attracted considerable attention.As neighboring planets within the solar system,Venus and Mars are also directly and indirectly affected by CME.Existing researches indicate that the responses of the magnetosphere,ionosphere,and planetary ion escape of Venus and Mars to CME are dramatic.Additionally,the neutral atmosphere undergoes significant changes during solar flares associated with CME eruptions and is affected by energetic particles accompanying CME,such as the neutral heating and aurora emissions at Mars.Moreover,the change of magnetic field topology and the increase of plasma precipitation are observed at Mars,and the thin atmosphere and localized crustal magnetic fields of Mars result in unique manifestations of the CME effects on its surface environment,such as the enhancement of the radiation dose rate on the surface of Mars and the occurrence of Forbush decreases.In addition to the increase of ion escape,the escape rates of neutral species also increase greatly under the flares.This review summarizes the recent research findings regarding the effects of CME on Venus and Mars,aiming to gain a deeper understanding of the significance of these impacts on the space environments of Venus and Mars, as well as on future exploration missions.

关 键 词：日冕物质抛射 金星 火星 空间环境 大气逃逸 

分 类 号：P351[天文地球—空间物理学]