黄土高原北部典型县域耕层土壤有机碳储量的时空分布及其影响因素  

Spatial and temporal variations and influencing factors of soil organic carbon storage in topsoil in a typical county of the North Loess Plateau

作　　者：苏欣悦 王跃锋 何宁波 李亚鹏 柏凯栋 王恒飞 李建华 徐明岗 SU Xin-yue;WANG Yue-feng;HE Ning-bo;LI Ya-peng;BAI Kai-dong;WANG Heng-fei;LI Jian-hua;XU Ming-gang(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;Institute of Eco-Environment and Industrial Technology,Shanxi Agricultural University/Soil Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源与环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学生态环境产业技术研究院/土壤健康山西省实验室,山西太原030031

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第3期485-495,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601010);山西省博士毕业生来晋奖励科研项目(SXBYKY2022083);山西省2023年度研究生教育创新项目(2023KY338)。

摘　　要：【目的】土壤有机碳含量可直观反映土壤肥力水平,其储量在全球碳平衡中起着至关重要的作用。山西省应县地处黄土高原北部生态脆弱区,研究该县域长期多时间段耕地土壤有机碳储量的时空分布及影响因素,可为黄土高原区耕地土壤肥力提升和农业生态环境保护提供理论依据。【方法】基于山西省应县1983、2010和2023年耕地土壤性质(有机碳、土壤养分等),以及1983—2023年相关农业生产(作物产量、种植面积、畜禽养殖等)数据资料,运用经典统计学、地统计学、方差分解以及随机森林模型等方法,量化耕层(0—20 cm)土壤有机碳储量的时空分布格局及主要影响因素。【结果】1983—2023年间应县耕层(0—20cm)土壤有机碳含量及其储量均呈增加趋势,净增量分别为3.20g/kg和8.30t/hm^(2)。从空间上来看,应县南部土壤有机碳含量和有机碳储量整体较高。其中,1983—2010年应县南部南泉乡有机碳储量增加最为明显,增量达10.14 t/hm^(2);2010—2023年应县西南部下马峪乡有机碳储量增加最大,增量为10.79 t/hm^(2)。40年来,应县耕地碳投入量呈增加趋势,年均碳投入为2.15 t/(hm^(2)·a);耕层土壤固碳速率和固碳效率分别为0.21 t/(hm^(2)·a)和9.67%,且表现为前期(1983—2010年)的土壤固碳速率和固碳效率小于后期(2010—2023年)。空间上,40年来应县各乡镇土壤固碳效率均有所不同,白马石乡和下马峪乡固碳效率较高(19.07%、17.34%),而镇子梁乡的固碳效率最低(2.83%)。当前碳投入和土壤属性(容重、全氮和速效钾)是影响应县耕地土壤有机碳储量变化的主要因素。【结论】40年来,应县耕地碳投入的增加显著提高了耕地土壤有机碳储量,且不同乡镇间变化趋势存在差异,建议在应县中北部如大临河乡、藏寨乡等有机碳储量较低地区增施有机肥,以提高土壤肥力,增加农田土壤碳固存。【Objectives】Soil organic carbon content can directly reflect soil fertility levels,and its storage plays a crucial role in the global carbon balance.Yingxian County is located in the ecologically fragile area of the North Loess Plateau.Studying the spatial and temporal distribution and influencing factors of soil organic carbon storage in cultivated land in this county can provide a theoretical basis for improving soil fertility and protecting the agro-ecological environment in the Loess Plateau region.【Methods】Based on soil properties(soil organic carbon,soil nutrients,etc.)of cultivated land in Yingxian County,Shanxi Province,in the years 1983,2010,and 2023,and relevant agricultural production data(crop yield,planting area,livestock and poultry breeding,etc.)spanning from 1983 to 2023,classical statistics,geostatistics,variance decomposition,and the random forest model were used to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution patterns and main influencing factors of soil organic carbon storage in the surface soil layer(0−20 cm).【Results】Soil organic carbon content and soil organic carbon storage in the surface layer(0−20 cm)of cultivated land in Yingxian County showed an increasing trend from 1983 to 2023,with a net increment of 3.20 g/kg and 8.30 t/hm²,respectively.From a spatial perspective,soil organic carbon content and soil organic carbon storage were higher in southern Yingxian County.From 1983 to 2010,Nanquan Township,located in the southern region of Yingxian County,experienced the greatest increase in soil organic carbon storage,with an increment of 10.14 t/hm^(2).From 2010 to 2023,Xiamayu Township,located in the southwest of Yingxian County,had the largest increase in soil organic carbon storage(10.79 t/hm^(2)).In the past 40 years,the carbon input of Yingxian County showed an increasing trend,with an average annual carbon input of 2.15 t/(hm²·a),and the soil carbon sequestration rate and carbon sequestration efficiency in the topsoil layer were 0.21 t/(hm²·a)and 9.67%,respectiv

关 键 词：黄土高原 应县 土壤有机碳储量 时空分布 固碳效率 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]