喷施植物生长调节剂和叶面肥提升稻茬小麦抗渍能力的生理和农学效应  

Physiological and agronomic effects of combined spraying of plant growth regulators and fertilizers on enhancing the waterlogging resistance of wheat seedlings

作　　者：陈佳博 贺大海 梁振宇 祝婷婷 雷芳 杨洪坤 黄秀兰 樊高琼[1] CHEN Jia-bo;HE Da-hai;LIANG Zhen-yu;ZHU Ting-ting;LEI Fang;YANG Hong-kun;HUANG Xiu-lan;FAN Gao-qiong(State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室/四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第3期508-525,共18页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：四川省十四五重点研发项目(2021YFYZ0002);国家自然科学基金项目(32201904)。

摘　　要：【目的】四川平原地区小麦−水稻轮作模式下,小麦苗期易受渍害导致减产。我们从生理和农学效应两个方面研究了叶面施用植物生长调节剂、叶面肥对小麦幼苗抗渍能力的影响,为减轻麦田渍害提供途径。【方法】在成都市大邑县元兴乡开展田间试验,供试材料为多穗型小麦品种蜀麦1963(SM1963)与大穗型品种蜀麦133(SM133)。稻茬小麦播种后30天内土壤相对含水量在90%以上,达到产生渍害的条件。在小麦三叶期,设置单独喷施S-诱抗素(S-ABA)、多效唑·甲哌鎓(PM)、氨基酸水溶肥(AF)、腐植酸水溶肥(HF)以及S-ABA和PM配合AF(S+P+A)或者HF(S+P+H)处理,以喷施清水(CK)作为对照。调查分析了麦苗生长速率、叶面积指数、茎蘖生长动态、结实特性、产量等农学性状。拔节期取叶片和分蘖节样品,分析碳氮代谢物积累量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活性。【结果】6个喷施处理相比,S+P+H提升抗渍效果与稳产的效应最佳。与CK相比,S+P+H处理显著提升了两个穗型小麦拔节前群体生长速率与叶片净同化率,增加了叶面积指数与叶绿素含量,叶片与分蘖节蔗糖含量提升了38.8%~70.3%,游离氨基酸含量增加16.7%~24.2%,叶片脯氨酸含量提升了48.0%~71.5%,叶片与分蘖节MDA含量较CK降低了28.0%~51.2%,叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性较CK分别增加41.3%、47.6%、89.9%、38.7%以上,提升了碳氮代谢与抗氧化能力;SM1963、SM133小麦单株分蘖力较CK分别增加28.2%、58.3%,有效分蘖发生速率显著增加,主茎穗粒数、分蘖穗重与穗粒数显著提升,分蘖产量贡献率分别提升了6.1%、8.8%,最终产量分别提升26.3%、13.2%。单独喷施HF也有助于苗期叶片生长与光合,SM1963、SM133小麦分蘖产量贡献率分别提升12.2%、5.6%,实际产量分别提升15.4%与16.5%。多穗型蜀麦1963喷施S-ABA增产13.3%,大穗型【Objectives】Water logging damage during wheat seedling stage is a common disaster limiting the growth and yield of wheat under wheat-rice rotation system in Sichuan Plain.We studied the effect of foliar application of plant stimulants and fertilizers on the water logging resistance of wheat seedlings from the points of physiological responses and population growth,to provide an approach for alleviating the damage caused by water logging in wheat fields.【Methods】A field experiment was carried out in Dayi County,Sichuan Province during wheat season after rice,the wheat cultivars included a multi-spike type‘Shumai 1963’and a large-spike type‘Shumai 133’.Within 30 days after sowing of wheat,the relative soil moisture content was above 90%,leading to water lodging damage seriously on wheat seedlings.Six foliar treatments were setup at the three-leaf stage of wheat seedlings,included spraying S-Abscisic acid(S-ABA),poleiotropic azole·meata(PM),amino acid water soluble fertilizer(AF),humic acid water soluble fertilizer(HF),and combined spraying S-ABA and PM with AF(S+P+A),or with HF(S+P+H),and spraying tap water(CK)as a control.The seedling traits,leaf area index,development dynamics of tillerings and stems,grain-setting characteristics,and yield of wheat population were investigated.At jointing stage,leaf and tillering node samples were collected for determination of the malondialdehyde(MDA)content,antioxidant enzyme activities,and the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen assimilation.【Results】Among the six treatments,S+P+H showed the highest anti-water logging effect and stable production effects on the multi spike type of Shumai 1963,and it can also produce similar effects on the large spike type of Shumai 133.Specifically,both spike types of wheat significantly improve the pre jointing population growth rate and leaf net assimilation rate,increase leaf area index and chlorophyll content;The sucrose content in leaves and tillering nodes increased by 38.8%to 70.3%compared to CK,the free amino acid

关 键 词：渍害 小麦品种 生长调节剂 叶面肥 茎蘖动态 群体生长速率 结实性状 抗氧化活性 碳同化 氮代谢 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]