锌肥与有机物料配施对石灰性土壤锌形态转化及小麦籽粒锌吸收的影响  

Effects of combined application of zinc fertilizer with organic materials on zinc form transformation and wheat grain zinc uptake in calcareous soil

作　　者：熊仕娟 董金琎 师江澜[1] 田霄鸿[1,3] XIONG Shi-juan;DONG Jin-jin;SHI Jiang-lan;TIAN Xiao-hong(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Pepper,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China;Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]贵州省农业科学院辣椒研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [3]农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第3期526-541,共16页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900300);国家自然科学基金项目(32372823);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY02-06)。

摘　　要：【目的】土施锌(Zn)肥是缓解土壤有效Zn缺乏和提升作物Zn含量的重要措施,但是在石灰性土壤上,土壤高pH、高碳酸盐含量、低有机质含量等多重因素会极大地降低Zn肥的有效性,导致Zn肥利用效率偏低。探究Zn肥与不同有机物料联合施用对提升土壤Zn有效性的效果及其机理,为通过高效土施Zn肥实现作物籽粒富Zn提供理论基础。【方法】于2016年,在西北农林科技大学试验场布置Zn肥有机物料配施田间定位试验,供试土壤为潜在缺Zn的石灰性土垫旱耕人为土。试验设8个处理:不施Zn和有机物料的对照(CK)、单施Zn肥(Zn)、单施黄腐酸(FA)、单施小麦秸秆(St)、单施羊粪有机肥(M)、Zn肥和黄腐酸配合施用(Zn+FA)、Zn肥和小麦秸秆配合施用(Zn+St)、Zn肥和羊粪有机肥配合施用(Zn+M)。于2018年和2019年小麦成熟期测产,并分析小麦各部位Zn含量,同时取土样测定土壤理化性质以及不同形态Zn的含量。【结果】与CK相比,FA、St、M处理对土壤全Zn、DTPA-Zn以及各形态Zn含量均无显著提升作用,而4个施Zn处理均显著提高了土壤全Zn、有效态组分Zn、DTPA-Zn含量和Zn转移因子(MS)(P<0.05)。与Zn单施处理相比,Zn+FA、Zn+St、Zn+M处理的松结有机态Zn(Lom-Zn)含量和MS值分别提高了19.9%~50.4%和0.2~0.7个百分点,Zn+M和Zn+St处理土壤DTPA-Zn含量分别增加了33.6%~54.3%和24.7%~27.1%,Zn+FA处理则变化不显著。土壤中Lom-Zn与溶解性有机质(DOM)呈显著正相关,解释了Zn+M和Zn+St处理中有机物料碳投入促进Lom-Zn形成的原因。与CK相比,Zn单施及与有机物料配施增加了小麦籽粒Zn含量和积累量,以Zn+M处理增幅最大,分别为32.1%和39.9%,小麦籽粒Zn含量(39.4 mg/kg)基本上达到了人体健康需求水平(40~50 mg/kg)。与CK相比,St、M处理提高了籽粒植酸含量,进而植酸/Zn摩尔比([PA]/[Zn])分别增加了30.3%和22.1%,而Zn+M处理降低了籽粒[PA]/[Zn]值,较CK和Zn单施处理分别降�【Objectives】Soil zinc(Zn)fertilization is an important measure to alleviate the available Zn deficiency in soil and increase the Zn concentration in crops.However,in calcareous soils,a variety of factors,such as high soil pH,high carbonate content,low organic matter content,etc.,greatly reduce the effectiveness of Zn fertilizer,and the efficiency of Zn fertilizer utilization is low.Exploring the effect and mechanism of combined application of zinc fertilizer with organic materials to enhance the effectiveness of soil Zn,providing a theoretical basis for the realization of Zn enrichment in crop grains through efficient soil application of Zn fertilizer.【Methods】A field positioning experiment of Zn fertilizer combined with organic materials was conducted in 2016 at the experimental field of Northwest A&F University.The tested soil was a calcareous soil with potential zinc deficiency,classified as an Earth-cumulic Orthic Anthrosol.The following eight treatments were no Zn and no organic material control(CK),Zn fertilization alone(Zn),fulvic acid application alone(FA),wheat straw application alone(St),sheep manure application alone(M),fulvic acid application combined with Zn fertilization(Zn+FA),wheat straw application combined with Zn fertilization(Zn+St),and sheep manure application combined with Zn fertilization(Zn+M).The wheat yields were measured at the maturity stage in 2018 and 2019,and the Zn content in various parts of wheat was analyzed.Soil samples were also collected to determine their physicochemical properties as well as the content of different forms of Zn.【Results】Compared with CK,the FA,St,and M treatments did not improve the total Zn and DTPA-Zn contents,and the contents of all Zn forms significantly,while the four Zn treatments significantly increased those and Zn mobility factors(MS).Compared with Zn treatment,Zn+FA,Zn+St,and Zn+M treatments significantly increased the content of Zn loosely bound to organic matter(Lom-Zn)and the MS value by 19.9%−50.4%and 0.2−0.7 percentage points,

关 键 词：有机物料 硫酸锌肥 土壤锌形态 DTPA-Zn 锌转移因子 小麦 籽粒富锌 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]