“绿肥果茶园”新理念、效应及应用  

Green manuring orchards and tea gardens:concept,effects,and application

作　　者：高嵩涓 张宇亭[2] 曹卫东[3] GAO Song-juan;ZHANG Yu-ting;CAO Wei-dong(College of Resources and Environment,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095;College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第3期588-596,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系项目(CARS-22)。

摘　　要：我国果园和茶园(果茶园)普遍立地条件差,加之清耕粗放管理且过度依赖化肥,导致土壤及养分流失严重,引发果茶园土壤退化,果品和茶叶品质下降。果茶园里种植利用绿肥,不仅为果茶园提供大量有机肥源,还兼具生物耕作、绿色覆盖等功能,有效保障果品、茶叶的稳产提质。绿肥是高品质果茶园管理的核心配套技术,更是未来我国果业、茶业提质增效的首选路径。基于此,本文提出了将绿肥作为我国果茶园建设基本配置的“绿肥果园、绿肥茶园”新理念,并综述了绿肥果茶园的综合效应。运用绿肥果茶园理念与实践,果实、茶叶产量稳定,果品可溶性固形物、维生素C含量和糖酸比均提高;土壤物理性状明显改善,有机质和速效养分含量增加;土壤温度和湿度更适宜,水土和养分流失减少,杂草及害虫得到抑制。我国果茶园面积1640万hm^(2),现有绿肥果茶园面积约为121万hm^(2),仅占果茶园总面积的7%,因此,推广绿肥果茶园的空间和潜力巨大。我国绿肥果茶园的应用,主要有北方落叶果园的绿肥覆盖循环利用和南方果茶园的冬绿肥覆盖免耕压草、冬夏绿肥周年覆盖等方式。北方落叶果园多选择抗旱抗寒能力较强的毛叶苕子、箭筈豌豆等豆科作物,以及十字花科的二月兰、油菜,或者禾本科的鼠茅草、黑麦草等。南方果茶园主要选择毛叶苕子、光叶苕子、紫云英、箭筈豌豆、山黧豆等豆科作物作为冬绿肥。未来,应从绿肥种质资源创新,绿肥−果树及茶树一体化养分和水分管理,土壤和果品及茶叶品质指标体系构建,模式优化与配套机械化技术,“绿肥+”果品及茶叶产业化路径建设等方面,构建绿肥果茶园技术与理论体系,推进绿肥果茶园建设。Fruit orchards and tea gardens in China are often established in sites with poor field conditions,farmed by clean tillage,and are popularly and excessively reliant on chemical fertilizers,leading to severe soil and nutrient losses,as well as soil degradation and decline of fruit and tea quality.Utilizing green manures in fruit orchards and tea gardens not only provide a large amount of organic matter but also act as biological tillage and green cover,ensuring the steady production and quality improvement of fruits and tea.As the core supporting technology for high-quality orchards or gardens,green manuring should be the most preferred path for China to improve the quality and efficiency of fruit and tea industry in future.Here,we introduce the concept of“green manuring orchard,green manuring tea garden”that takes green manuring as a fundamental component in establishing orchards and tea gardens.Green manuring improves the stability of fruit and tea yields,increases soluble solids,vitamin C content,and the sugar/acidity ratio in fruits;improves the physical properties as well as organic matter and available nutrients in garden soils;enhances the suitability of soil temperature and humidity for fruit and tea trees,reduces the losses of water,soil and nutrients,and suppresses weeds and pests.The area of orchards and tea gardens in China is about 16.4 million hectares,in which only about 1.21 million hectares are currently managed by green manuring,accounting for only 7%of the total area of fruit tea gardens,and there is a vast space and potential for the promotion of green manure fruit tea gardens.The main practices for green manuring orchards and tea gardens in China include the multi-years’coverage and recycling utilization method for northern deciduous orchards,and the winter coverage-no-tillage grass suppression method and the annual green manure coverage method for southern orchards and gardens.Deciduous orchards in the north China often choose leguminous crops with strong drought and cold resistance,such

关 键 词：绿肥果茶园 应用方式 未来技术与理论体系 

分 类 号：S57[农业科学—作物学]