“官民并制”与“官民共治”——清代景德镇的瓷业与社会  

“Co-production by Imperial Kiln and Folk Kilns”and“Co-governance by Government and Guilds”——The Porcelain Industry and Society in Jingdezhen during the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：郭慧敏 Guo Huimin(Fudan University,Shanghai,China,200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学,上海200433

出　　处：《地方文化研究》2024年第6期71-80,共10页Local Culture Research

摘　　要：明末清初,外地移民组成行帮进军景德镇关键制瓷技术领域,在景德镇瓷业的生产与管理中逐渐占据了前所未有的主导地位。在制瓷方面,他们依据“官搭民烧”的原则与官方形成了“官民并制”的协作方式;在社会治理方面,又依据“小则经众理处,重则鸣官公断”的模式形成了“官民共治”的景象。景德镇地方政府与行帮一同管理着瓷业、社会治安、城市治理和神灵信仰等方方面面。清代景德镇的城市治理模式是在其独特的社会条件之下形成的,国家制度与行帮组织的有效结合,显示出这座城市强大的自我控制能力和自我调节能力。During the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,immigrants from other regions formed guilds and entered the field of key porcelain-making technologies in Jingdezhen,gradually occupying an unprecedented dominant position in production and management of Jingdezhen’s porcelain industry.In terms of production,they formed a cooperative approach of“co-production by the imperial kiln and folk kilns”based on the principle of“planing by the imperial kiln and burning by folk kilns”.In terms of social governance,they created a scenario of“co-governance by the government and guilds”,by following the model that“minor disputes are resolved by the guilds,while major ones are reported to the government for fair judgment”.The local government of Jingdezhen and the guilds jointly managed various aspects such as the porcelain industry,social security,urban governance,and religious beliefs.The urban governance model of Jingdezhen during the Qing Dynasty was formed under its unique social conditions.The effective combination of national systems and guild organizations demonstrates the city’s strong capabilities in self-control and self-regulation capabilities.

关 键 词：景德镇 清代 瓷业 社会治理 行帮 

分 类 号：K225.04[历史地理—历史学]