共同富裕战略目标下社会救助高质量发展需处理好若干对关系  

High-quality Development of Social Assistance Under the Strategic Goal of Common Prosperity:Handling Several Key Relationships

作　　者：岳经纶[1] 周到洋 Ngok Kinglun;Zhou Daoyang

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国公共管理研究中心、政治与公共事务管理学院 [2]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院

出　　处：《社会政策研究》2025年第2期27-40,133,共15页Social Policy Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“推进共同富裕的社会政策创新体系研究”(项目批准号:22VRC182)。

摘　　要：在中国式现代化与共同富裕战略目标的指引下,社会救助制度作为兜底性民生保障的重要支柱,不仅承担着减贫、促进社会公平和保障社会稳定等多重职能,而且在实际运行中面临着多重矛盾和张力。尽管“十四五”期间通过提标扩面、优化专项救助等多项改革措施,力图实现“应保尽保”的政策目标,然而政策实践中却暴露出了“标提围扩量减”悖论,以及政策叠加、福利悬崖、资源配置不均等问题。本文基于扎实推进共同富裕的战略要求,认为我国社会救助高质量发展应处理好以下八对关系:提标与扩面、专项救助与生活救助、现金救助与服务救助、身份与需要、资源守门人与助人者、绝对贫困与相对贫困、社会救助与基本公共服务,以及守正与创新。处理好这几对关系,可以完善社会救助体系的精准性、公平性与可持续性,从而不仅可以为“十五五”期间我国社会救助高质量发展创造条件,而且可以为实现共同富裕目标提供制度保障。Under the guidance of Chinese-style modernization and the strategic goal of common prosperity,the social assistance system not only undertakes multiple functions such as poverty reduction,promoting social fairness,and ensuring social stability but also faces multiple contradictions and tensions in practice.Although reforms such as raising standards and expanding coverage during the 14th Five-Year Plan period aimed to achieve the policy goal of"ensuring all who should be covered are covered,"policy practice has revealed paradoxes such as"standards raised but coverage reduced,"as well as issues like policy overlap,welfare cliffs,and uneven resource allocation.Based on the strategic requirements of solidly advancing common prosperity,this paper argues that the high-quality development of China's social assistance system should handle the following eight types of relationships:expansion vs.raising standards,special assistance vs.living assistance,cash assistance vs.service assistance,identity vs.need,resource gatekeepers vs.helpers,absolute poverty vs.relative poverty,social assistance vs.basic public services,and maintaining tradition vs.innovation.Properly handling these can improve the precision,fairness,and sustainability of the social assistance system,thereby creating conditions for the high-quality development of social assistance during the 15th Five-Year Plan period and providing institutional guarantees for achieving the goal of common prosperity.

关 键 词：社会救助 最低生活保障 专项救助 福利身份 共同富裕 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]