流动人口何以共享社会救助资源:焦点、制约与路径  

How Can Migrant Populations Share Social Assistance Resources:Focus,Constraints,and Pathways

作　　者：刘璐婵 祝建华 Liu Luchan;Zhu Jianhua

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学社会与人口学院 [2]中国社会保障学会社会救助分会 [3]浙江工业大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会政策研究》2025年第2期41-52,133,134,共14页Social Policy Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“共同富裕目标下社会救助标准体系研究”(项目批准号:23JZD031);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究基金一般项目“老年流动人口异地就医困境研究”(项目批准号:2022SJYB0105)。

摘　　要：目前流动人口在常住地难以共享救助资源,宏观制约因素在于社会救助制度受制于户籍制度与属地化管理原则以及不完善的救助制度顶层设计,导致救助项目滞后与匮乏、救助资源配置失衡,进而催生“救助洼地”;中观制约因素在于人口流动挑战了当前社会救助制度的运行机制,引发了财政事权与决策权的冲突、增加了财政转移支付的难度、造成财政支出责任失衡,进而抑制了地方政府救助动力,令流动人口救助需求遭到拒斥;微观制约因素在于人口流动增加了资格认定难度、放大了家庭经济状况核对的误差、提升了动态管理环节的复杂性,使社会救助的基层管理实践不断面临新困难,最终使困境流动人口因难以被制度捕捉而容易陷入保护真空。因此需结合人口变动态势,完善政策理念、制度原则与体系结构,同时优化救助领域财政事权划分、财政转移支付与支出责任分担机制,并强化“申请—审核—管理”全流程的基层救助管理实践创新,以扎实推进社会救助资源向常住人口的全覆盖。Currently,migrant populations face difficulties in sharing assistance resources in their places of residence.Macro-level constraints include the social assistance system being restricted by the household registration system and the principle of localized management,as well as an imperfect top-level design of the assistance system,leading to scarcity of assistance programs and imbalance in resource allocation,thereby creating"assistance lowlands."Meso-level constraints include population mobility challenging the current social assistance system's operational mechanisms,causing conflicts between fiscal authority and decision-making power,increasing the difficulty of fiscal transfers,and creating imbalances in fiscal expenditure responsibilities,thereby suppressing local governments'motivation to provide assistance and reject in the assistance needs of migrant populations.Micro-level constraints include population mobility increasing the difficulty of eligibility determination,amplifying errors in household economic status verification,and increasing the complexity of dynamic management,causing grassroots management practices to continuously face new difficulties,ultimately leaving vulnerable migrant populations easily falling into protection vacuums.Therefore,it is necessary to improve policy concepts,institutional principles,and system structures in line with population dynamics,optimize the division of fiscal authority,fiscal transfers,and expenditure responsibility-sharing mechanisms in the assistance field,and strengthen grassroots assistance management practices throughout the"application-verification-management"process to solidly advance the full coverage of social assistance resources for the resident population.

关 键 词：流动人口 社会救助 基本公共服务均等化 资源共享 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]