数字经济时代的新就业群体:身份认定与收入保障  

New Employment Groups in the Digital Economy Era:Status Recognition and Income Security

作　　者：党生翠 王实荻 Dang Shengcui;Wang Shidi

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学社会学院 [2]北京大学燕京学堂

出　　处：《社会政策研究》2025年第2期68-79,135,共13页Social Policy Research

摘　　要：新就业群体劳动形态多样化,劳动关系复杂,职业风险较大。随着平台企业和平台劳动者之间劳动争议增多,新就业群体的收入保障成为一个重要议题。本文以网约车行业为例,比较了欧美国家和我国对于网约车司机等新就业群体的身份认定和收入保障的不同路径,分析了各自的政策困境,并提出了政策建议。研究发现,欧美国家对于新就业群体属于雇员还是独立承包商的身份界定摇摆不定,导致劳资双方激烈博弈。我国作为社会主义国家,在劳动者权益优先的原则下初步建立了“政府-工会-平台企业-劳动者”互动的立体行动网络,但也面临最低工资保障制度兜底有余而效率不足、平台劳动者自主议价能力不强等问题。为此,应建立基于职业异质性精准测算的政府收入指导线制度,以期进一步提升新就业群体内部不同行业不同特征劳动者的收入保障水平。The diversification of employment arrangements among emerging platform-based labor groups has intensified complexities in labor relations and occupational risks.As labor disputes between digital platforms and workers proliferate globally,ensuring income security for these workers has become a critical issue.This study employs comparative policy analysis to examine divergent approaches to status identification and income protection mechanisms for ride-hailing drivers and analogous platform workers in jurisdictions among EU,the U.S.and China.Findings reveal a regulatory paradox in Western contexts:Ambiguous legal classifications of platform workers under employment law frameworks—exemplified by protracted litigation over ride-hailing drivers'status—have fueled adversarial labor-capital bargaining and systemic instability.In contrast,China's state-led a Government-Unions-Platform income security net,grounded in socialist labor rights principles.However,this system faces implementation challenges including inefficiencies in minimum wage enforcement and structural imbalances in collective bargaining power.The study proposes policy innovations to address these gaps,notably a sectoral income benchmarking system based on activity-based cost accounting to establish government-guided earnings floors tailored to platform labor characteristics.

关 键 词：新就业群体 收入保障 最低工资保障 收入指导线 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]