罗恩盆地露天采场爆破减振控噪技术研究与应用  

Study and Application of Blasting Vibration and Noise Control Technology in the Roan Basin Open-pit Stope

作　　者：肖云涛 崔正荣 鲍伟伟 王恒 XIAO Yuntao;CUI Zhengrong;BAO Weiwei;WANG Heng(CNMC Luanshya Copper Mines PLC.,Luanshya 90456,Zambia;Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;State key Laboratory of Metal Mine Mining Safety and Disaster Prevention and Control,Maanshan 243000,China)

机构地区：[1]中色卢安夏铜业有限公司,赞比亚铜带省90456 [2]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000 [3]金属矿山开采安全与灾害防治全国重点实验室,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《金属矿山》2025年第3期121-127,共7页Metal Mine

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2023YFC2907302)。

摘　　要：矿山开采过程产生的爆破振动和噪声是引起扰民和民扰的重要原因,如何有效控制此类爆破危害以保证矿山正常开采和周边社会和谐稳定是矿山企业和科研工作者长期关注的重要课题。以周边环境复杂、爆破危害控制要求严格的罗恩盆地露天采场为例,综合考虑采场周边环境、爆破器材类型、靠帮并段等,开展了不同装药方案、起爆方法和防护措施的减振控噪技术试验研究与应用工作。为削弱爆破振动危害,主爆区优化确定了分台阶并段、孔底木支撑间隔装药、前排孔长延时起爆等组合减振控制方法,靠帮区域采用了提出的分束逐段预裂爆破新技术。为控制爆破噪声,突破常规的导爆索起爆网络方法,采取了孔内雷管起爆、孔外延时传爆技术方案,并分别对炮孔和地表雷管进行严格堵塞和岩粉覆盖防护。经长达10个多月的现场应用表明:研究确定的爆破技术方案和措施安全可靠,一次爆破炸药量由以往不足100 kg增加到900~1000 kg,爆破振动速度降低37.5%以上;不仅实现了矿山大规模正常开采,爆破振动和噪声强度也均控制在采场周边保护对象的安全允许范围内,对类似矿山开采具有一定的借鉴作用。The blasting vibration and noise generated during the mining process are the important causes of disturbance to residents.How to effectively control the hazards of such blasting to ensure normal mining and the harmony and stability of the surrounding society is an important issue that mining enterprises and researchers have long been concerned about.The paper takes the open-pit stope in the Roan Basin,which has a complex surrounding environment and strict requirements for blasting hazard control as an example.Taking into account the surrounding environment of the mining site,the type of blasting equipment,and the combination of support and support sections,the paper conducted experimental research and application of vibration and noise control technology with different charging schemes,detonation methods,and protective measures.To mitigate the hazards of blasting vibration,a combination of vibration reduction control methods were optimized in the main blasting area,including stepwise and segmented blasting,interval loading of wooden supports at the bottom of the hole,and delayed detonation of the front hole length.The proposed new technology of beam splitting and segmented pre-splitting blasting was adopted in the auxiliary area.In order to control blasting noise and break through the conventional detonating network method of detonating cables,a technical scheme of detonating detonators inside the hole and delaying detonation outside the hole was adopted,and strict blocking and rock powder coverage protection were carried out for the blasting hole and surface detonators respectively.After more than 10 months of on-site application,it has been shown that the blasting technology scheme and measures determined by the research are safe and reliable.The amount of explosive used in one blasting increased from less than 100 kg to 900~1000 kg,and the blasting vibration speed decreased by more than 37.5%.Not only the large-scale normal mining is realized,but also the blasting vibration and noise intensity are controlled w

关 键 词：矿山爆破 露天矿山 复杂环境 爆破振动 爆破噪声 危害控制 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]