三亚蜈支洲岛海洋牧场浮游生物群落结构时空变动  

Spatotemporal variations of plankton community structure in marine ranching around Wuzhizhou Island,Sanya,Hainan

作　　者：王远航 黄亮华 孙春阳 贾程豪 田超 高菲 徐勤增 许强[1] 王爱民[1] WANG Yuanhang;HUANG Lianghua;SUN Chunyang;JIA Chenghao;TIAN Chao;GAO Fei;XU Qinzeng;XU Qiang;WANG Aimin(School of Marine Biology and Fisheries,Hainan University/State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Marine Resources in the South China Sea,Haikou,Hainan 570228;First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao,Shandong 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学海洋生物与水产学院/南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室,海口570228 [2]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2025年第2期312-326,共15页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD2401303);国家自然科学基金(42076097,42166005);海南省自然科学基金人才项目(321RC1023)。

摘　　要：为查明三亚蜈支洲岛热带海洋牧场海域浮游生物群落结构特征,并进一步基于群落特征指标对该海洋牧场海域的水质进行评价,于2020年6月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2021年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、8月(夏季)分别对蜈支洲岛近岛及远岛海域12个站位的浮游动植物及环境因子进行了5个航次的调查。研究结果表明,海区共有浮游植物5门217种,以硅藻门(116种)和甲藻门(97种)为主,年平均丰度为2.53×10~6个·m^(-3);浮游动物8门187种,以节肢动物门种类最多(118种),年平均丰度为1.83×10~3个·m^(-3)。春季浮游动植物群落多样性指数(H’)、均匀度指数(J)和丰富度指数(d)均较高,生态系统结构稳定。聚类分析结果表明,浮游动物和浮游植物群落季节差异显著但不同区域之间未见显著差异,人工鱼礁投放初见成效。此外岛北近岛区频繁的旅游活动一定程度上影响了浮游生物群落结构,且对水环境质量产生了潜在的负面影响,但基于生物多样性指数的评价结果表明蜈支洲岛海洋牧场海域水质优良,为寡污或无污类型。本研究结果将为蜈支洲岛海洋牧场生态系统健康评价及未来建设和发展提供可参考的数据支持。In order to identify the characteristics of plankton community structure and evaluate the water quality of tropical marine ranches in the sea area around Wuzhizhou Island based on the biodiversity index,sampling surveys of phytoplankton and environment factors were carried out in June(summer)and November(autumn)2020,and January(winter),April(spring)and August(summer)2021.A total of 217 phytoplankton species were identified in 5 phyla with the maximum species richness of diatoms(116 species)and dinoflagellates(97 species).Arthropods(118 species)were main in 187 species of zooplankton in 8 phyla.The annual average abundances of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 2.53×106 cell·m-3 and 1.83×103 ind·m-3,respectively.The Shannon-Wiener index(H'),Margalef index(J)and Pielou index(d)of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were higher in spring,which indicated the ecosystem was more stable in this season.Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that seasonal variations in the compositions of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were significant but no substantial difference was observed in different marine ranches,indicating artificial reefs started to work in the marine ranches.The frequent tourism in the northern vicinity of the island had to some extent affected the structure of plankton communities and played a latent negative role in water quality.The water quality evaluation based on the biodiversity index showed that the quality was of oligopollution or pollution free.All these results will provide useful data for evaluation of the ecosystem of marine ranching and the construction and development of the marine ranches around Wuzhizhou Island.

关 键 词：蜈支洲岛 浮游生物 群落结构 时空变化 水质评价 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]