杏树间作下密度与钾肥对花生光合生理特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Density and Potassium Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Peanut under Intercropping with Apricot Trees

作　　者：黄小双 胡西旦·买买提[1] 热西旦·阿木提 艾合买提·肉孜[1] 李海峰[1] 刘志刚[1] Huang Xiaoshuang;Huxidan Maimaiti;Rexidan Amuti;Aihemaiti Rouzi;Li Haifeng;Liu Zhigang(Turpan Agricultural Science Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Turpan 838000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番838000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2025年第3期72-80,共9页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02003,2021B02003-2);新疆维吾尔自治区油料产业技术体系资助项目(XJARS-05)。

摘　　要：为明确新疆吐鲁番地区杏树间作下花生适宜的种植密度和合理的施钾水平,本试验以当地主栽品种鲁花9号为试材,采用随机区组设计,设3个种植密度:23.83万穴·hm^(-2)(D1)、17.08万穴·hm^(-2)(D2)、13.62(D3)万穴·hm^(-2),5个钾肥水平:0 kg·hm^(-2)(K1)、45 kg·hm^(-2)(K2)、105 kg·hm^(-2)(K3)、150 kg·hm^(-2)(K4)、225 kg·hm^(-2)(K5),研究杏树间作下密度与钾肥水平对花生光合、生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明,在施钾水平为K4、密度为D2时,各生育时期花生功能叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr,苗期除外)和气孔导度(Gs)均最高,且除苗期的Pn、Tr外,其余时期各性状与其他钾肥水平间均表现为差异显著,而胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)均最低,显著低于除K5外的其他钾肥水平处理。不同密度下,花生功能叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性各生育时期均表现为随钾肥用量增加呈先升后降的变化,均在K4处理达到峰值,与其他钾肥水平间大多表现为差异显著;叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量则表现为随钾肥用量增加呈先降后增的变化,均在K4处理降到最低,与其他钾肥水平间大多表现为差异显著。不同密度下,K4处理花生荚果产量均最高,显著高于其他钾肥水平处理(D3下的K5除外)。综上可知,本试验条件下,花生密度和施钾量分别以17.08万穴·hm^(-2)和150 kg·hm^(-2)较优,可作为杏树间作下花生栽培的推荐种植管理模式。In order to clarify the appropriate planting density and reasonable potassium application level for peanut intercropping with apricot trees in Turpan,Xinjiang,the experiment was conducted using randomized block test with the locally cultivated variety Luhua 9 as test material.Three planting densities were set as 238.3 thousand(D1),170.8 thousand(D2)and 136.2 thousand(D3)holes per hectare,and five potassium fertilizer levels were set as 0(K1),45(K2),105(K3),150(K4),and 225(K5)kg·hm^(-2).The effects of different planting densities and potassium fertilizer levels on peanut photosynthesis,physiological characteristics and yield were studied under intercropping with apricot trees.The results showed that at the potassium application level of K4 and planting density of D2,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr,except for the seedling stage)and stomatal conductance(Gs)of peanut functional leaves were the highest at all growth stages,and except Pn and Tr at seedling stage,significant differences were observed among different potassium fertilizer levels;the intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)was the lowest and significantly lower than that of other potassium fertilizer levels except K5.Under different planting densities,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)in peanut functional leaves showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of potassium fertilizer level at various growth stages,and reached the peak under K4 treatment showing significant differences compared to most of other potassium fertilizer levels.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in leaves showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of potassium fertilizer level,and reached the lowest under K4 treatment showing significant differences compared to most of other potassium fertilizer levels.Under different planting densities,the yield of peanut pods was the highest in K4 treatment,which was significantly higher than that of other potassium fertilizer t

关 键 词：花生 杏树间作 密度 钾肥 光合生理特性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S662.2