移栽期和打顶时期对烤烟上部叶生长发育的影响  

Effects of Transplanting and Topping Periods on Growth and Development of Upper Leaves of Flue-Cured Tobacco

作　　者：朱伦 钱雪松 黄人杰 熊晶 高焕晔 Zhu Lun;Qian Xuesong;Huang Renjie;Xiong Jing;Gao Huanye(School of Tobacco,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Bijie Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Bijie 551720,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学烟草学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551720

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2025年第3期88-94,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司项目“毕节西部烟区甜润感形成机理及栽培调控技术研究”(2022520500240190);“威宁烟区烤烟上部叶可用性限制因子及高可用性上部叶生产技术研究与运用”(2023520500240160)。

摘　　要：为探索贵州威宁烟区烤烟优质上部叶形成的时空效应,本研究以移栽期和打顶时期进行双因素随机区组试验,研究移栽期和打顶时期对云烟87上部叶农艺性状、烤后烟叶经济性状的影响,并对成熟衰老相关指标与大田期碳氮代谢产物、叶片内源激素与烤后烟化学成分进行相关性分析。结果表明,9个处理间比较,上部叶成熟期T5处理(4月20日移栽-初花打顶)烤烟上部叶达到成熟状态,烤后烟产量、产值及上等烟率均达最大值。烟株大田期过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与烤后烟总糖、烟碱、总氮含量呈显著相关性,是影响烟叶化学成分协调的关键酶之一,生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)含量显著影响烤后烟还原糖、总糖含量。同移栽期下,初花打顶处理的叶片IAA、ABA、赤霉素(GA_(3))含量整体上较低,而玉米素核苷(ZR)则较高,说明内源激素以初花打顶较为协调,这也是生产优质烟的前提。综合分析可见,威宁烟区烤烟4月20日移栽且初花打顶其上部叶田间生长、成熟度最好,有利于优质上部叶的形成,烤后烟经济性状表现也最好。In order to explore the spatial and temporal effects of the formation of high-quality upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco in Weining tobacco area of Guizhou Province,a two-factor randomized block experiment was conducted to study the effects of transplanting and topping periods on agronomic traits of upper leaves and economic traits of cured leaves of Yunyan 87.The correlations of the indexes related to ripening and senescence with carbon and nitrogen metabolites in the field period,and endogenous hormones in leaves with chemical compositions of cured tobacco leaves were also analyzed.The results showed that under T5 treatment(transplanted on April 20 and topping at initial flowering time),the upper leaves reached mature state in mature period,and the cured tobacco yield,production value and top-grade tobacco rate reached the maximum values.Catalase(CAT)activity in the field period was significantly correlated with total sugar,nicotine and total nitrogen contents of cured tobacco,indicating it was one of the key enzymes affecting the coordination of chemical composition of tobacco leaves;auxin(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents significantly affected the content of reducing sugar and total sugar of cured tobacco.Under the same transplanting period,the leaf IAA,ABA and gibberellin(GA_(3))contents were lower on the whole when topping at initial flowering time,while zeatin-riboside(ZR)content was higher,indicating that the endogenous hormones were more coordinated when topping at initial flowering time,which was also the prerequisite for producing high-quality cigarettes.Comprehensive analysis showed that in Weining tobacco area,transplanting on April 20 and topping at initial flowering time could made the upper leaves grow well and obtain the best maturity in field,which was conducive to the formation of high-quality upper leaves,and so the economic traits of cured tobacco performed the best.

关 键 词：烤烟 移栽期 打顶时期 成熟度 衰老特性 生长发育 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]