施钙对源弱库大型花生源库特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Calcium Application on Source-Sink Characteristics and Yield of Peanut with Weak Source and Large Sink

作　　者：杨智翔 高晴 刘光华 唐康 罗梓楠 刘登望[1,2,3] 曾宁波 李林[1,2,3] Yang Zhixiang;Gao Qing;Liu Guanghua;Tang Kang;Luo Zinan;Liu Dengwang;Zeng Ningbo;Li Lin(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Changsha Branch of National Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center/Hunan Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha 410128,China;Institute of Upland Crops,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Shaoyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shaoyang 422002,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]国家花生工程技术研究中心长沙分中心/湖南省花生工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学旱地作物研究所,湖南长沙410128 [4]邵阳市农业科学研究院,湖南邵阳422002

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2025年第3期117-124,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省“筑峰计划”顶尖人才培育人选项目(ZFJH202310);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-13);湖南省现代农业产业技术体系项目;湖南省重点研发计划项目(2021NK2005)。

摘　　要：花生是嗜钙作物,不同品种对土壤缺钙的敏感度差异较大。为探究施钙对源弱库大型花生的影响,在盆栽试验条件下选择两个品种湘黑小果(V_(1),中小籽)、湘花522(V_(2),大籽)和南方典型酸性缺钙红壤(交换性钙700.0 mg/kg)为材料,设3个施钙量即每666.7m^(2)分别施钙0(Ca_(0))、50(Ca_(50))、75 kg(Ca_(75))即分别代表土壤背景(对照)、中钙、高钙水平,运用形态建成、干物质积累、源库特性、产量构成等指标,研究源弱库大型花生的源库特征及其钙素调控效应。结果表明:(1)施钙的强源扩库效应明显,结荚期至成熟期两品种花生主茎高、侧枝长及分枝数均明显增加,叶面积指数(LAI)显著提高,与不施钙对照相比,两个施钙水平下V_(1)、V_(2)的LAI分别提高5.76%~53.66%、21.22%~40.25%;植株各器官干物质积累大幅增加,成熟期V_(1)单株生物量、籽仁分别提高37.30%~43.73%、66.26%~68.68%,V_(2)分别增加33.74%~44.50%、136.51%~154.46%;单株产量显著增加,V_(1)、V_(2)分别增产44.21%~44.58%、21.35%~26.92%。施钙显著提高V_(1)饱果期根冠比(23.08%~38.46%)及V_(2)结荚期与成熟期经济系数(115.79%~131.58%、26.09%)。(2)施钙在花生生长中期的强源效应大于扩库效应,而后期反之。施钙明显增加V_(1)结荚期、饱果期的源库比,分别达17.05%~63.25%、11.28%~31.71%,成熟期差异较小;V_(2)施钙处理的源库比在结荚期、成熟期较Ca_(0)分别显著降低60.42%~63.36%、22.43%~22.66%,饱果期则增加35.96%~49.28%。施钙促进了V_(1)结荚期、饱果期V/R值的增加,成熟期则下降;V_(2)除结荚期外,其他时期施钙效果与V_(1)基本一致;成熟期V_(1)、V_(2)的V/R值降幅分别达11.00%~16.00%、35.42%~37.50%。综上,增施钙肥能协调花生地上部与地下部、营养生长与生殖生长、经济产量与生物产量的关系,调控源库关系,有利于干物质向荚果转化积累,进而提高产量。Peanut is a calcium-loving crop,and different varieties have large variation in the sensitivity to calcium deficiency.To explore the impact of calcium application on the source-sink characteristics of largeseeded peanut with weak source capacity,a pot experiment was conducted.Two varieties of Xianghei Xiaoguo(V_(1),small to medium seeds)and Xianghua 522(V_(2),large seeds)were selected as the test material,along with the southern typical calcium-deficient red soil(exchangeable calcium 700.0 mg/kg)as the substrate.Three calcium application rates were set as 0(Ca_(0)),50(Ca_(50))and 75 kg per 666.7m^(2)(Ca_(75))representing soil backgrounds(control),medium calcium and high calcium levels,respectively.Morphological construction,dry matter accumulation,source-sink characteristics,yield components and other indicators were used to investigate the source-sink characteristics and calcium regulation effects on large-seeded peanut with weak source capacity.The results were as follows.(1)Calcium application had a significant effect on source strengthening and sink expansion.From pod setting to maturity,the leaf area index increased significantly,and that of V_(1) and V_(2) increased by 5.76%to 53.66%and 21.22%to 40.25%,respectively.The dry matter accumulation of plant organs increased significantly,and the single plant biomass and kernel of V_(1) and V_(2) in-creased by 37.30%to 43.73%and 66.26%to 68.68%,and 33.74%to 44.49%and 136.5%to 154.4%,respectively;single plant yield increased significantly,and that of V_(1) and V_(2) increased by 44.21%to 44.58%and 21.35%to 26.92%,respectively.Calcium application significantly increased the root-to-shoot ratio of V_(1) by 23.08%to 38.46%and the economic coefficient of V_(2) at pod-setting and mature stages by 115.79%~131.58%and 26.09%,respectively.(2)The strong source effect of calcium application in the middle growth period was greater than the sink expansion effect,while the opposite was true at the later stage.Calcium application significantly increased the source-sink ratio at p

关 键 词：花生 钙肥 形态建成 干物质积累 源库关系 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]