磷素胁迫对雪茄烟生长和干物质积累及磷素利用率的影响  

Effects of Phosphorus Stress on Plant Growth,Dry Matter Accumulation and Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Cigar Tobacco

作　　者：施锘 孔光辉[2] 张光海 赵高坤[2] 吴玉萍[2] 李薇[2] 李永平[2] 李青 姚恒[2] 白羽祥 Shi Nuo;Kong Guanghui;Zhang Guanghai;Zhao Gaokun;Wu Yuping;Li Wei;Li Yongping;Li Qing;Yao Heng;Bai Yuxiang(College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan Tobacco Agricultural Science Research Institute,Kunming 650021,China;Ning’er Branch of Pu’er Company,Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company,Ning’er 665000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,云南昆明650021 [3]云南省烟草公司普洱市公司宁洱县分公司,云南宁洱665000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2025年第3期139-145,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160517);中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2023530000241005,2022530000241004)。

摘　　要：为明确磷素胁迫对雪茄烟生长和干物质积累及磷素利用率的影响,为雪茄烟的磷素营养管理提供科学依据,本研究采用水培试验法,以云雪38、云雪39为供试材料,设置全素(1倍P)、缺磷(无P,-P)和高磷(2倍P,+P)3个处理,分析不同磷素处理对烟株形态、农艺性状、干物质积累及磷素利用率等指标的影响。结果表明,烟苗移栽后30~40 d,云雪38高磷处理下可引发叶尖焦枯,缺磷处理下叶片生长较为迟缓,紫化、黄化等症状逐步加剧;云雪39高磷处理下叶面斑驳黄化,缺磷处理下叶片紫化局限于老叶,新叶生长缓慢但未黄化。移栽后40 d,两品种磷素丰缺处理的农艺性状各指标值均低于全素处理;各处理植株干物质积累量基本表现为高磷处理最高,云雪38和云雪39高磷处理植株干重分别较全素处理提高6.56%和16.22%,但高磷处理并未提高磷肥的磷素表观利用率和磷素农学利用率,反而较全素处理分别降低39.14%、32.90%和30.75%、4.91%。综上表明,雪茄烟生长表现和磷素利用率受磷素供应状况影响显著,缺磷条件下植株生长迟缓、株型矮小,生物量和磷含量下降,而高磷处理提高了烟叶干物质量及磷素含量,但并未提高磷素利用率。To clarify the effects of phosphorus stress on dry matter accumulation and phosphorus utilization rate of cigar tobacco,in order to provide scientific bases for phosphorus nutrition regulation of cigar tobacco,this experiment was conducted by using Yunxue 38 and Yunxue 39 as materials,and setting three treatments of total phosphorus(1×P),phosphorus deficiency(-P)and high phosphorus(+P).The tobacco plant morphology,agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and phosphorus use efficiency were studied under different treatments.The results showed that at 30 to 40 days after transplantation,the leaves of Yunxue 38 be-came shriveled under+P treatment,while those grew slowly and showed obvious purple red and yellow white spots under-P treatment;the leaves of Yunxue 39 were mottled and yellowing under+P treatment,but showed purple only in old leaves under-P treatment with slow growth and no yellowing of new leaves.The agronomic traits of the two varieties under-P and+P treatments were lower than those of the 1×P treatment.The dry matter accumulation was basically the highest in the+P treatment.The total plant dry weight of Yunxue 38 and Yunxue 39 under+P treatment increased by 6.56%and 16.22%respectively compared with the 1×P treatment.The+P treatment did not increase the phosphorus apparent utilization rate and phosphorus agronomy utilization rate,but decreased by 30.75%and 4.91%respectively compared with the 1×P treatment.In conclusion,the growth performance and phosphorus use efficiency of cigar tobacco were significantly affected by phosphorus supply conditions.Under phosphorus deficient conditions,the tobacco plants grew slowly andwere short and small,so the biomass and phosphorus content decreased;under the high phosphorus treatment,the dry matter accumulation and phosphorus content in tobacco leaves increased,but the phosphorus use efficiency was not significantly improved.

关 键 词：磷素胁迫 雪茄烟 干物质积累 磷素利用率 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]