管道反光表面特征提取及视觉三维测量  

Reflective Surface Feature Extraction and Vision 3D Measurement of Pipeline

作　　者：杨乐淼 周富强[1] 谭海曙 YANG Lemiao;ZHOU Fuqiang;TAN Haishu(Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Foshan University,Foshan 528225,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学,北京100191 [2]佛山大学,佛山528225

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2025年第5期59-67,75,共10页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62271148)。

摘　　要：视觉三维测量是管道加工检修和性能监测过程中一种重要的无损检测手段。为了使测量系统应用于管道内受限空间,保证测量精度,现有的管道视觉三维测量方法多着重于研究测量原理和传感器结构,欠缺对管道图像处理和特征提取算法的研究,且管道的金属材质导致图像中的反光问题,严重影响了特征提取准确率和管道测量精度。为了研究管道视觉三维测量中的反光表面特征提取问题,提出了一种基于动态区域分割的反光去除方法和目标环形特征中心线提取方法,根据测量系统投射光条的形态特征设计动态环形掩膜,消除了图像中的反光对特征区域分割的干扰,设计了目标环形特征中心线提取的高斯核和极值点自动选取方法,克服了特征宽度不均匀对激光中心提取的干扰。通过试验验证反光去除和中心提取方法的准确性,为管道视觉三维测量提供准确的特征坐标,实现对管道直径和同轴度的测量,测量精度大于0.1 mm。Vision 3D measurement is an important non-destructive testing method in pipeline machining and performance monitoring.In order to apply the measurement system to the restricted space in the pipeline and ensure measurement accuracy,the existing 3D measurement methods mainly focus on the study of the measurement principle and the sensor structure,there is a lack of research on pipeline image processing and feature extraction algorithms,and the metal material of pipeline leads to the problem of reflection in the image,which seriously affects the accuracy of feature extraction and pipeline measurement.In order to study the feature extraction of reflective surfaces in vision 3D measurement of the pipeline,a method of reflection removal based on dynamic region segmentation and a method of laser center extraction are proposed.A dynamic annular mask is designed according to the morphological characteristics of the projected laser of the measurement system to eliminate the reflection interference,and an automatic selection method of Gauss kernel and extremum points is designed to overcome the interference of uneven feature width in the laser center extraction.The accuracy of the method is verified by experiments,and the characteristic coordinates are provided for the vision 3D measurement of the pipeline.The diameter and coaxiality of the pipeline are measured,and the measurement accuracy is higher than 0.1 mm.

关 键 词：视觉测量 管道测量 反光去除 动态区域分割 光条中心提取 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]