用于钛合金深腔加工的复合减振刀杆研究  

Research on Composite Damping Toolholder for Deep Cavity Machining of Titanium Alloy

作　　者：卢立成 李军利 刘钢 安庆龙[2] LU Licheng;LI Junli;LIU Gang;AN Qinglong(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学机械与汽车工程学院,上海201620 [2]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2025年第5期100-106,共7页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52275449)。

摘　　要：钛合金材料广泛应用于航空零件加工,然而在钛合金零件的深腔铣削过程中,大长径比刀杆会发生振动现象。针对大长径比刀杆加工出现的振动问题,首先基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论建立了铣刀的动力学模型,分析出影响刀杆动态性能的参数。基于参数分析,设计4种芯轴模型,通过分析得出最佳芯轴。随后建立刀杆整体模型,对传统金属刀杆和复合减振刀杆进行有限元分析,对比静刚度、固有频率和动刚度,分析减振刀杆本身特性。结果表明,减振刀杆的静态刚度提升62%,一阶固有频率提升21%,动刚度提升135%。针对两种刀杆对零件的加工表面粗糙度进行试验,得出所设计的复合减振刀杆粗糙度降低了45.3%。设计的复合减振刀杆具有一定的工程意义和学术价值,为大长径比加工刀具设计提供了一定的指导。Titanium alloy was widely used in the machining of aviation parts.In the deep cavity milling process of titanium alloy parts,the tool rod with large aspect ratio will vibrate.Aiming at the vibration problem of the cutter with large draw ratio,the dynamic model of the designed milling cutter was established based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory,and the parameters affecting the dynamic performance of the cutter were analyzed.Based on the analysis of parameters,design of four core shaft models,through the analysis it was concluded that the best core shaft.Then the toolholder model was established,and the static stiffness,natural frequency and dynamic stiffness of the traditional metal toolholder and damping toolholder were compared by finite element analysis.The results show that the static stiffness of the damping toolholder is increased by 62%,the first natural frequency is increased by 21%,and the dynamic stiffness is increased by 135%.The roughness of the machined surface with two kinds of toolholders was tested,and the roughness of the designed composite damping cutter bar is reduced by 45.3%.The designed compound damping cutter bar has certain engineering significance and academic value,and provides certain guidance for the design of machining tools with large length diameter ratio.

关 键 词：减振刀杆 复合结构 动态特性 有限元分析 钛合金 

分 类 号：TG1[金属学及工艺—金属学]