综采临空巷道顶板爆破预裂防冲机制及效果分析  

Rock burst prevention mechanism and effect of roof blasting pre-splitting in fully mechanized mining roadway along gob

作　　者：闫耀东 陈昆 赵森 吕飞 郝电伟 史锐 YAN Yaodong;CHEN Kun;ZHAO Sen;LYU Fei;HAO Dianwei;SHI Rui(CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;Shaanxi Huabin Yadian Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.,Xianyang 713500,China;Shaanxi Binchang Dafosi Mining Co.,Ltd.,Xianyang 712000,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]陕西华彬雅店煤业有限公司,陕西咸阳713500 [3]陕西彬长大佛寺矿业有限公司,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《煤炭工程》2025年第2期86-93,共8页Coal Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3004604)。

摘　　要：为深入探讨临空巷道顶板爆破预裂对综采工作面回采期间冲击危险性的影响。以陕西某矿41109工作面为工程背景,采用理论推导和数据分析的方法,研究了临空巷道实施顶板爆破预裂对于降低综采工作面冲击危险性的防冲机制及其卸压效果。得到以下结论:临空巷道顶板爆破预裂为良好的局部防治冲击地压的方式,利用该手段使得临空巷道侧向覆岩发生“长臂F→长臂L→短臂L”的结构转化,一定程度上缓和了具有较高冲击风险的工作面临空超前巷道附近煤岩体能量释放频度和强度,避免了高静载与强动载的叠加,从而降低了临空巷道的冲击危险性。在现场实际应用过程中,41109工作面在爆破前后相近时间相同推采距离内,微震事件能量下降12.7%,微震事件频次下降46.2%。截止目前,在所实施顶板爆破预裂区域内,临空巷道的整体围岩变形量减小,工作面超前采动应力影响范围下降;回采时未发生灾害性冲击显现,既验证顶板爆破预裂作为局部防冲手段的可靠性,又可为同类型矿井临空巷道的冲击地压防治提供参考。To further explore rock burst risk by roof blasting pre-splitting on roadways by gob during fully mechanized mining,taking the No.41109 working face of a mine in Shaanxi Province as the engineering background,the theoretical derivation and data analysis methods were used to study the anti-impact mechanism and pressure relief effect of roof blasting pre-splitting on reducing rock burst risk at fully mechanized mining face.We obtain conclusions that roof blasting pre-splitting in the gob-side entry is a good way to locally prevent and control rock burst.By means of this method,the lateral overburden in roadways by gob transferred the structure in“long arm F→long arm L→short arm L”,which,to some extent,alleviates the energy release frequency and strength of the coal and rock mass near the relatively high risk mining face in roadways along gob,and avoids the superposition of high static load and strong dynamic load,thus reducing the impact risk in roadways by gob.During in-site practice,the energy of microseismic events decreased by 12.7%and the frequency of microseismic events decreased by 46.2%at No.41109 working face within the same mining distance before and after the blasting.In roof blasting pre-splitting area,the general wall rock of roadways by gob is inclined to present a slighter deform,and the influence range of the advance mining stress of the working face decreases.There is no obvious disastrous rock burst during mining,which not only verifies the reliability of roof blasting pre-splitting as a local anti-impact measure,but also provides a reference for the prevention and control of rock burst in similar roadways by gob.

关 键 词：临空巷道 顶板爆破预裂 冲击危险性 覆岩结构 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]