差示扫描量热法在钢铁及合金研究中的应用  

Application of differential scanning calorimetry in study of steel and alloys

作　　者：庄昌凌 向江华 ZHUANG hangling;XIANG Jianghua(College of Materials and Metallurgy,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学材料与冶金学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《钢铁》2025年第3期13-25,共13页Iron and Steel

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52164032,52464038)。

摘　　要：差示扫描量热法(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)是1种能够定量捕获材料在热变化过程中的热物性变化和热转变信息的精密技术,兼具精度高、测试速度快且所需样品少等优点。DSC技术的发展极大地扩宽了钢铁及合金领域材料性质的测试范围,推动了对材料热转变过程中热力学和动力学的深入研究。以DSC的基础理论为出发点,概述了DSC的分类和信号构成,全面回顾了DSC在钢铁及合金领域的应用现状,阐述了DSC在这些应用中的优势和局限性,包括在钢铁及合金材料的比热容、相变、第二相析出与分解以及非晶合金的玻璃化转变等研究中的应用。同时,探讨了DSC与其他技术的联合应用现状。此外,还总结了利用DSC获取的热分析信息进行动力学研究的现状,包括在合金相变动力学参数中活化能及转变机理的研究,以及合金转变动力学曲线的建立。利用DSC综合分析钢铁和合金的热物性参数,深入理解合金相转变的热力学和动力学,有望为合金材料的开发、生产和应用提供强有力的理论支持。Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)is a precise technique for quantitatively analyzing thermophysical changes and thermal transition information in materials during thermal variations,characterized by high accuracy,rapid testing,and minimal sample requirements.The advancements in DSC have significantly broadened the scope of material property testing in steel and alloy research,facilitating a deeper investigation into the thermodynamics and kinetics of material thermal transitions.It commences with the fundamental theory of DSC,detailing its classifications and signal compositions,and offers a comprehensive overview of DSC's current applications in steel and alloy research.The advantages and limitations of DSC,particularly in the study of specific heat,phase transitions,precipitation and decomposition of secondary phases,and the glass transition in amorphous alloys are discussed.The integration of DSC with other techniques is also explored.Furthermore,it summarizes the current state of kinetic research utilizing thermal analysis data from DSC,including studies on activation energy and transition mechanisms in alloy phase transitions,as well as the development of kinetic models for alloy transformations.A comprehensive analysis of the thermophysical parameters of steels and alloys through DSC,combined with an in-depth understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of alloy phase transitions,is expected to provide robust theoretical support for the development,manufacturing,and application of alloy materials.

关 键 词：差示扫描量热法 钢铁 合金 热物性 热力学 动力学 相变 析出 

分 类 号：TG1[金属学及工艺—金属学]