对西方左翼学者“共产主义热”的冷反思  

A Critical Reflection on the“Communist Enthusiasm”of Western Leftist Scholars

作　　者：单传友 张柳 Shan Chuanyou;Zhang Liu(School of Marxism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu Anhui,241002)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学马克思主义学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《宁夏党校学报》2025年第2期16-25,共10页Journal of the Party School of the CPC Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Committee

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“朗西埃平等主义哲学的批判性研究”(20YJC720004)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：复兴共产主义是当代西方左翼学者的基本理论诉求。巴迪欧的“共产主义假设”强调平等理念的现实化,突出对平等理念的不懈坚持。齐泽克的“从头开始”将共产主义力量归于四种主要对抗形式,尤其是被排斥者与吸纳者之间对抗的革命化。哈特、奈格里主张的“共者”,强调共产主义源于非物质劳动主体的自主性反抗。朗西埃“共产主义的非现实性”则希冀不断以平等的力量反抗资本主义的治安结构。西方左翼学者复兴共产主义的路径可以分为超验论和内在论。超验论无法回答理念的起源问题,也无法解释面对现实世界时纯粹“应当”的软弱无力;内在论未能真正理解资本逻辑的实质和共产主义运动的主体。两种路向将共产主义运动仅仅理解为观念运动或意志革命,未能真正把握共产主义运动的基本原则。The revival of communism is a core theoretical pursuit of contemporary Western leftist scholars.Alain Badiou,with his“Communist Hypothesis”,emphasizes the realization of the concept of equality,underscoring a persistent commitment to this ideal.SlavojŽižek,in his“How to Begin from the Beginning”attributes the force of communism to four main antagonisms,particularly the rev-olutionary antagonism between the excluded and the included.Hardt and Negri’s concept of“The common”highlights communism as originating from the autonomous resistance of“immaterial labor”subjects.Jacques Rancière discusses the“Inactuality of Communism”aspiring to continually oppose the policing structures of capitalism through the power of equality.The paths through which Western leftist scholars seek to revive communism can be categorized into transcendental and immanent ap-proaches.The transcendental approach fails to answer the origin of the ideal and cannot explain the weakness of the“ought”in the face of the real world.The immanent approach does not fully under-stand the essence of capitalist logic and the subject of the communist movement.Both approaches re-gard the communist movement merely as an ideological movement or a revolution of will,without grasping the fundamental principles of the communist movement.

关 键 词：西方左翼 共产主义 平等 

分 类 号：D181[政治法律—政治学]